Equitable resilience in flood prone urban areas in Sri Lanka: A case study in Colombo Divisional Secretariat Division
Equitable resilience in flood prone urban areas in Sri Lanka: A case study in Colombo Divisional Secretariat Division
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DOI：
10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102091
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发表时间：
2020-05
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Vindya Hewawasam;K. Matsui
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Vindya Hewawasam;K. Matsui
在世界许多地区洪水发生率和损失日益增加的情况下，出现了一个基本问题，即贫穷和边缘化的居民能够在多大程度上通过获得公平、公平和公正的支持来管理灾害。本文试图通过关注斯里兰卡首都科伦坡的贫困和脆弱地区来研究这个问题。行政上，这一地区被称为科伦坡分区秘书处区（DSD）。这里主要是低收入居民，居住在拥挤的住房条件下，街道狭窄，排水管理不善。多年来，该地区被视为斯里兰卡最易受洪水影响的地区之一。为了了解原因，我们在这一领域进行了实地研究，并采访了DSD官员和当地人，并考虑了三个关键的公平弹性维度：分配、程序和环境公平。我们发现，该地区降雨的强度和频率都有所增加，但由于一些法律和社会政治问题，居民没有得到政府的任何防洪支持。许多人表达了他们对下一次洪水事件的恐惧。由于这些居民没有合法的土地所有权，政府没有太关注他们的需求。我们还发现，低教育水平和缺乏政治代表性导致该地区的人们被边缘化。然后，我们利用从科伦坡国土安全部办公室和其他相关政府机构收集的信息，研究与收入和贫困水平、人口密度、住房质量、教育、基础设施和参与性决策相关的一系列因素。结果表明，低收入、抗洪住房负担能力不足、抗洪基础设施政策实施不力等社会脆弱性因素加剧了洪涝灾害风险。我们还发现，缺乏社区领导导致决策参与不足。然后，本文强调了将公平社区复原力行动主流化的重要领域。
Amid increasing flood incidences and damages in many parts of the world, the fundamental question arises as to the extent to which poor and marginalized residents can manage disasters by receiving equitable, fair and just support. This paper seeks to examine this question by focusing on a poor and vulnerable area of Colombo, the capital of Sri Lanka. Administratively this area is called Colombo Divisional Secretariat Division (DSD). Here mainly low-income residents live in congested housing conditions with narrow streets and poor drainage management. For years, this Division was regarded as one of the most flood vulnerable areas of Sri Lanka. To understand the resaons, we conducted our field research in this area and interviewed DSD officials and local people with three key equitable resilience dimensions in mind: distributive, procedural and contextual equities. We found that the intensity and frequency of rainfalls had increased in the area, but the residents had not received any flood protection support from the government due largely to some legal and socio-political complications. Many expressed their fear of the next flood incident. As these residents were without legal land ownership the government did not pay much attention to their needs. We also found that a low education level and a lack of political representation led to the marginalization of people in this area. Using information we collected at the Colombo DSD office and other relevant government agencies, we then examine a set of factors that are relevant to income and poverty level, population density, quality of housing, education, infrastructure and participatory decision making. The results show that flood loss and damage risks were heightened by such social vulnerability factors as low income, an unaffordability of flood resilient houses and an absence of policy implementations for flood resilient infrastructure. We also found that a lack of community leadership led to poor participation in decision making. This paper then highlights the important area for mainstreaming equitable community resilience actions.