Digital watermarking of MPEG-4 facial animation parameters
Digital watermarking of MPEG-4 facial animation parameters
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DOI：
10.1016/s0097-8493(98)00032-6
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发表时间：
1998-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Girod, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hartung, F;Eisert, P;Girod, B
知识产权的执行对于数字数据来说是困难的。支持强制执行的一种可能性是嵌入包含有关数据的版权所有者和/或接收者的信息的数字水印。已经提出了用于音频、图像、视频和多边形3D模型的水印方法。提出了一种基于MPEG-4人脸动画参数数据集的数字水印算法。水印被附加地嵌入到参数值中，并且可以从加水印的参数或从使用加水印的动画参数渲染的视频序列中检索用于头部动画。为了从渲染序列中检索，必须首先估计面部动画参数。我们使用一个基于模型的方法来估计的面部参数，结合了一个明确的3D纹理线框的运动模型与光流约束的视频数据。这导致了一个线性算法，是鲁棒地解决了在一个分层的框架，计算复杂性低。实验结果证实了所提出的水印技术的适用性。(C)1998爱思唯尔科技有限公司版权所有。
The enforcement of intellectual property rights is difficult for digital data. One possibility of supporting enforcement is the embedding of digital watermarks containing information about copyright owner and/or receiver of the data. Watermarking methods have already been presented for audio, images, video, and polygonal 3D models. In this paper, we present a method for digital watermarking of MPEG-4 facial animation parameter data sets. The watermarks are additively embedded into the parameter values and can be retrieved either from the watermarked parameters or from video sequences rendered using the watermarked animation parameters for head animation. For retrieval from rendered sequences, the facial animation parameters have to be estimated first. We use a model-based approach for the estimation of the facial parameters that combines a motion model of an explicit 3D textured wireframe with the optical flow constraint from the video data. This leads to a linear algorithm that is robustly solved in a hierarchical framework with low computational complexity. Experimental results confirm the applicability of the presented watermarking technique. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.