Neighborhood social stressors, fine particulate matter air pollution, and cognitive function among older U.S. adults.
Neighborhood social stressors, fine particulate matter air pollution, and cognitive function among older U.S. adults.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.11.019
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发表时间：
2017-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Clarke P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ailshire J;Karraker A;Clarke P
越来越多的研究发现，户外空气污染与老年人的认知功能之间存在联系。心理社会压力被认为是决定对环境危险的不同易感性的重要因素，生活在压力大的社区的老年人可能特别容易受到暴露于空气污染等危险因素的不利健康影响。这项研究的目的是确定社区居住的老年人中，社区社会压力是否会放大细颗粒物空气污染(PM2.5)和认知功能低下之间的关联。我们使用了2001/2002年美国人改变生活研究浪潮中779名55岁及以上的美国成年人的数据。我们通过使用人口普查区域识别器将受访者与环境保护局的空气监测数据联系起来，确定了2001年居住地区PM2.5的年平均浓度。认知功能采用简明便携精神状态问卷(SPMSQ)中的错误次数进行测量。使用无序和腐烂的感知来衡量暴露在社区社会压力源中，包括对社区维护和不断恶化/废弃的建筑、垃圾和空地的存在的主观评估。我们使用负二项回归来检验邻里知觉压力和PM2.5在认知功能评估错误计数上的交互作用。我们发现，在生活在压力较大的社区的老年人中，PM2.5和认知错误之间的关联更强。这些发现支持了环境健康和健康差距研究的最新理论发展，强调社区社会应激源和环境危害对居民健康的协同效应。那些生活在社会经济不利社区的人，在那里社会压力和环境危害更常见，可能特别容易受到社会和物理环境暴露的不利健康影响。
A growing number of studies have found a link between outdoor air pollution and cognitive function among older adults. Psychosocial stress is considered an important factor determining differential susceptibility to environmental hazards and older adults living in stressful neighborhoods may be particularly vulnerable to the adverse health effects of exposure to hazards such as air pollution. The objective of this study is to determine if neighborhood social stress amplifies the association between fine particulate matter air pollution (PM2.5) and poor cognitive function in older, community-dwelling adults. We use data on 779 U.S. adults ages 55 and older from the 2001/2002 wave of the Americans’ Changing Lives study. We determined annual average PM2.5 concentration in 2001 in the area of residence by linking respondents with EPA air monitoring data using census tract identifiers. Cognitive function was measured using the number of errors on the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ). Exposure to neighborhood social stressors was measured using perceptions of disorder and decay and included subjective evaluations of neighborhood upkeep and the presence of deteriorating/abandoned buildings, trash, and empty lots. We used negative binomial regression to examine the interaction of neighborhood perceived stress and PM2.5 on the count of errors on the cognitive function assessment. We found that the association between PM2.5 and cognitive errors was stronger among older adults living in high stress neighborhoods. These findings support recent theoretical developments in environmental health and health disparities research emphasizing the synergistic effects of neighborhood social stressors and environmental hazards on residents’ health. Those living in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods, where social stressors and environmental hazards are more common, may be particularly susceptible to adverse health effects of social and physical environmental exposures.