Climate forcing and shifts in water management on the Northwest Arabian Peninsula (mid-Holocene Rasif wetlands, Saudi Arabia)
Climate forcing and shifts in water management on the Northwest Arabian Peninsula (mid-Holocene Rasif wetlands, Saudi Arabia)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.quaint.2018.03.001
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发表时间：
2018-04
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
C. Zielhofer;Kai Wellbrock;A.S.A. al-Souliman;M. Grafenstein;B. Schneider;K. Fitzsimmons;A. Stele;T. Lauer;H. Suchodoletz;M. Grottker;H. Gebel
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文献类型：
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作者：
C. Zielhofer;Kai Wellbrock;A.S.A. al-Souliman;M. Grafenstein;B. Schneider;K. Fitzsimmons;A. Stele;T. Lauer;H. Suchodoletz;M. Grottker;H. Gebel
阿拉伯西北部全新世中期气候的特点是干旱显著增加，这导致了水管理策略的变化，包括后期的复杂技术。拉西夫遗址位于沙特阿拉伯西北部，揭示了新石器时代晚期的多房间家庭结构社会（公元前6千年的第一阶段，在这个时代之前）。在拉西夫遗址，内海盆地（qa）的沉积物在第一阶段显示出最低的盐度。第二个阶段的特点是公元前5千年的“石器时代”田园灌溉和“石器时代”墓葬地点，有井，复杂的槽系统，以及最初可能共存的坟墓结构。在第二阶段，矿体的盐度已经略有增加。我们有证据表明，在浅层井中存在富含水的地下砂层。在随后的第三阶段，“铜石器时代”d形墓葬结构的数量增加，可能与深井和复杂的槽系统共存。那时，地面上覆盖着一层几乎不透水的含盐粘土层。第四阶段的特点是一个文化上尚未确定的田园后“铜器时代”的浇水地点，只有一个小水槽。最后的第五阶段代表了一个文化上未知的田园后——“铜石器时代”到亚近代的集水地点，有复杂的水坝系统，可能被修改了很多次。大坝系统可以在几个月的时间里淹没沙漠，为现在的西北阿拉伯沙漠提供（亚）地表水。
The mid-Holocene climate of Northwest Arabia is characterised by a significant increase in aridity which gave rise to changes in water management strategies including sophisticated techniques at later stages. The Rasif site, situated in Northwest Saudi Arabia, reveals a Late Neolithic society with multi-roomed domestic structures(1st phase,6th millennium BCE,before the current era). At Rasif site the sediments of an endorheic basin (qa) show a minimum in salinity during this 1st phase. The2nd phaseis characterised by a pastoral ‘Chalcolithic’ watering and ‘Chalcolithic’ burial location of the 5th millennium BCE with wells, complex trough systems, and initial, probably coexistent grave structures. During this 2nd phase theqadeposits show already a slight increase in salinity. We have evidence for a sub-surface water-rich sand layer within theqathat was exploited by shallow wells. During the subsequent3rd phasethe number of pastoral ‘Chalcolithic’ D-shaped grave structures within theqaincreased, probably co-existing with deepened wells and complex trough systems. At that time theqais covered by an almost impermeable saline clay layer. The4th phaseis characterised by a culturally yet to identify pastoral post-‘Chalcolithic’ watering location with single small troughs. The final5th phaserepresents a culturally unidentified pastoral post-’Chalcolithic’ to sub-recent water harvesting location with complex dam systems, which were probably modified numerous times. The dam systems allowed to flooding theqasfor several months, providing (sub-) surface water in the nowadays Northwest Arabian desert.