HIV-1 Vpr activates cell cycle inhibitor p21/Waf1/Cip1: A potential mechanism of G2/M cell cycle arrest

HIV-1 Vpr activates cell cycle inhibitor p21/Waf1/Cip1: A potential mechanism of G2/M cell cycle arrest
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DOI:
10.1006/viro.2002.1777
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发表时间:
2003-01-20
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Kim, JH
Kim, JH
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chowdhury, IH;Wang, XF;Kim, JH

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1 型人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV-1) 的 Vpr 基因编码一种 14-kDa 蛋白质,该蛋白质通过导致细胞周期停滞在 G2/M 期来阻止细胞增殖。在这里,我们报告了第一个证据,表明 Vpr 激活细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂 p21/Waf1/Cip1(以下简称 p21)的表达和转录,p21 是 T 淋巴和骨髓细胞中 G1 和 G2/M 相变的抑制剂。 Vpr 以剂量依赖性方式激活 p21 蛋白表达。 Vpr 还引起 p21 启动子的三到八倍诱导。这种诱导具有剂量和时间依赖性,并且与 p53 诱导的 p21 诱导水平相当。值得注意的是,Vpr 在内源性 p53 阳性细胞中激活 p21 转录,但在 p53 缺失或 p53 无功能细胞中则不然。 Vpr 和 p53 对 p21 转录具有累加效应。突变分析表明,wt Vpr,而非细胞周期失活的 Vpr 突变体,激活了 p21 启动子。这些数据表明,除了 cdc2 之外,HIV-1 Vpr 还利用细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂 p21 将细胞阻滞在 G2/M 期。 (C) 2003 年爱思唯尔科学(美国)。
The Vpr gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) encodes a 14-kDa protein that prevents cell proliferation by causing arrest in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Here we report the first evidence that Vpr activates the expression and transcription of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21/Waf1/Cip1 (hereafter p21), an inhibitor of the G1 and G2/M phase transitions in T lymphoid and myeloid cells. Vpr activated p21 protein expression in a dose-dependent manner. Vpr also caused a three- to eightfold induction of the p21 promoter. This induction was dose- and time-dependent and was comparable to levels of p21 induction induced by p53. Of note, Vpr activated p21 transcription in endogenous p53 positive cells, but not in p53-deleted or p53 nonfunctional cells. Vpr and p53 had an additive effect on p21 transcription. Mutational analysis indicated that wt Vpr, but not cell cycle inactive Vpr mutants, activated the p21 promoter. These data demonstrate that HIV-1 Vpr utilizes the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21, in addition to cdc2, to arrest cells in G2/M. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA).