High-Speed Rail and Urban Decentralization in China
High-Speed Rail and Urban Decentralization in China
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DOI：
10.3141/2475-03
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发表时间：
2015-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Pengyu Zhu;Tao-fang Yu;Zhaohe Chen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pengyu Zhu;Tao-fang Yu;Zhaohe Chen
中国大规模高速铁路网的建设正在改变城市之间的时空关系。因此，高铁正在改变中国传统的等级城市体系，形成大规模的城市网络区域。在城市层面，高铁新城的建设有助于城市的分散化。本研究的重点是高铁对城市层面的影响，以及高铁如何通过城市空间重组来改变中国的城市。以京沪高铁沿线的两个城市为例，分析了高铁新城规划对这两个城市的分散化模式的影响，以及对这两个城市经济发展的潜在影响。对于大城市，高铁积极推动了分散化，因为这些城市能够仔细选择高铁站的位置。高铁新城（即，围绕高铁车站建设的新区）是规划良好的空间重组的机会，也是可持续经济增长的催化剂。对于中小城市来说，高铁的选址往往是城市无法控制的，因此，高铁的分散化往往是被动的。高铁新城与城市中心距离较远，削弱了现有城市核心的经济实力。高铁新城的功能大概是分散注意力，而不是吸引整个城市的经济增长。这种跳跃式的发展还导致了土地和其他资源的浪费，进一步增加了城市居民的生活成本和企业的运营成本。
The construction of a large-scale high-speed rail (HSR) network in China is altering the time–space relationships between cities. As a result, HSR is changing the traditional hierarchical urban system in China, and regions with large-scale networks of cities are forming. At the city level, the construction of HSR new towns could contribute to urban decentralization. The focus in this study is on the impact of HSR at the city level and how HSR is transforming cities in China through urban spatial restructuring. Case studies on two cities located on the Beijing–Shanghai HSR corridor were conducted, and the impact of the planned HSR new towns on the decentralization patterns of these two cities as well as the potential effects on their economic development are discussed. For large cities, the decentralization is actively driven by HSR because these cities are able to carefully choose the locations of their HSR stations. An HSR new town (i.e., a new district built around an HSR station) serves as an opportunity for well-planned spatial restructuring and as a catalyst for sustainable economic growth. For medium-sized to small cities, decentralization is often passively driven by HSR because the site selections of HSR stations are beyond the cities' control. The long distance between the HSR new town and the urban center weakens the economic strength of the existing urban core. The HSR new town presumably functions as a distraction rather than an attraction to the economic growth of the city as a whole. The leapfrog type of development also induces a wasteful use of land and other resources and further increases the living costs of the city's people and the operation costs of its firms.