DEVELOPMENTAL, GENETIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS OF AEROBIC CAPACITY AT HIGH-ALTITUDE
DEVELOPMENTAL, GENETIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS OF AEROBIC CAPACITY AT HIGH-ALTITUDE
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DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.1330960408
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发表时间：
1995-04-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
SORIA, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FRISANCHO, AR;FRISANCHO, HG;SORIA, R
在海拔3750米的玻利维亚拉帕特，对268名受试者（158名男性和110名女性）的有氧能力进行了评估。样本包括：(1)39例高海拔农村居民（均为男性）；2)高海拔城市居民67人（男32人，女35人）；3) 69名出生即适应高海拔环境的外籍玻利维亚人（男37人，女32人）；4)在生长过程中适应高海拔环境的外籍玻利维亚人50人（男25人，女25人）；5) 43名欧洲或北美血统的非玻利维亚人在成年期适应了高海拔环境（25名男性，18名女性）。数据分析表明：1)高海拔城市居民在出生或生长阶段就适应高海拔环境，其有氧能力高于成年期适应高海拔环境的受试者；2)到达高海拔地区的年龄与最大耗氧量（VO2 max）呈负相关，以L/min或ml/min/kg瘦体重表示，但与ml/min/kg体重无关；3)在生长过程中适应高原的受试者中，约25%的有氧能力变异可以用发育因素来解释；4)根据肤色反射率和兄弟姐妹相似性的评估推断，大约20 - 25%的高姿态有氧能力变异可以用遗传因素来解释；(5)除成年期适应高海拔的非玻利维亚人外，高职业活动水平个体的有氧能力与高海拔农村原住民的有氧能力相当；(6) 10岁前高原适应者的职业活动水平与有氧能力的关系明显大于10岁后高原适应者。综上所述，这些数据表明，在高海拔地区获得正常的有氧能力与发育适应和遗传因素有关，但其表达高度受环境因素的调节，如职业活动水平和身体成分。(C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc。
The aerobic capacity of 268 subjects (158 males and 110 females) was evaluated in La Pat, Bolivia situated at 3,750 m. The sample included 1) 39 high altitude rural natives (all male); 2) 67 high altitude urban natives (32 male, 35 female); 3) 69 Bolivians of foreign ancestry acclimatized to high altitude since birth (37 male, 32 female); 4) 50 Bolivians of foreign ancestry acclimatized to high altitude during growth (25 male, 25 female); and 5) 43 non-Bolivians of either European or North American ancestry acclimatized to high altitude during adulthood (25 male, 18 female). Data analyses indicate that 1) high altitude urban natives, acclimatized to high altitude since birth or during growth, attained higher aerobic capacity than subjects acclimatized to high altitude during adulthood; 2) age at arrival to high altitude is inversely related to maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) expressed in terms L/min or ml/min/kg of lean body mass, but not in terms of ml/min/kg of body weight; 3) among subjects acclimatized to high altitude during growth, approximately 25% of the variability in aerobic capacity can be explained by developmental factors; 4) as inferred from evaluations of skin color reflectance and sibling similarities, approximately 20 to 25% of the variability in aerobic capacity at high attitude can be explained by genetic factors; 5) except among the non-Bolivians acclimatized to high altitude during adulthood, the aerobic capacity of individuals with high occupational activity level is equal to the aerobic capacity of high altitude rural natives; and 6) the relationship between occupational activity level and aerobic capacity is much greater among subjects acclimatized to high altitude before the age of 10 years than afterwards. Together these data suggest that the attainment of normal aerobic capacity at high altitude is related to both developmental acclimatization and genetic factors but its expression is highly mediated by environmental factors, such as occupational activity level and body composition. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.