Imaging the hypoglossal nerve
Imaging the hypoglossal nerve
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ejrad.2009.08.028
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发表时间：
2010-05-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Alves, Pedro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alves, Pedro
舌下神经是一条纯运动神经。它提供运动控制的内在和外在的舌头肌肉，因此是必不可少的正常舌头运动和协调。为了在舌下神经损伤的病例中设计一种有用的成像方法和有效的鉴别诊断，必须对神经干及其主要分支的正常解剖有很好的了解。由于所研究的结构尺寸小，对舌下疾病的成功影像学评估总是需要高分辨率的研究。MRI是直接观察神经的首选方式，而CT在显示颅底神经血管孔的骨解剖方面具有优势。此外，CT只能通过间接征象（如舌下管的骨扩张）检测神经病变，而MRI则能够直接看到致病病理过程，如小肿瘤或影响神经的感染/炎症过程。研究舌下神经最简单的方法是将其划分为主要节段：轴内、池内、颅底和颅外节段，根据每个解剖区域定制成像技术，同时牢记影响每个节段的主要疾病实体。2010爱思唯尔爱尔兰有限公司版权所有。
The hypoglossal nerve is a pure motor nerve. It provides motor control to the intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles thus being essential for normal tongue movement and coordination. In order to design a useful imaging approach and a working differential diagnosis in cases of hypoglossal nerve damage one has to have a good knowledge of the normal anatomy of the nerve trunk and its main branches. A successful imaging evaluation to hypoglossal diseases always requires high resolution studies due to the small size of the structures being studied. MRI is the preferred modality to directly visualize the nerve, while CT is superior in displaying the bony anatomy of the neurovascular foramina of the skull base. Also, while CT is only able to detect nerve pathology by indirect signs, such as bony expansion of the hypoglossal canal, MRI is able to visualize directly the causative pathological process as in the case of small tumors, or infectious/inflammatory processes affecting the nerve. The easiest way to approach the study of the hypoglossal nerve is to divide it in its main segments: intra-axial, cisternal, skull base and extracranial segment, tailoring the imaging technique to each anatomical area while bearing in mind the main disease entities affecting each segment. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.