Macrophages in resistance to candidiasis.
Macrophages in resistance to candidiasis.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1128/.61.2.170-192.1997
复制
发表时间：
1997-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Vázquez-Torres;E. Balish
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Vázquez-Torres;E. Balish
白色念珠菌是一种越来越常见的机会致病真菌，经常在免疫缺陷但非免疫活性宿主中引起疾病。阐明参与抵抗念珠菌病的吞噬细胞的作用不仅是了解宿主如何应对这种二型病原体的基础，而且还将加快开发用于治疗念珠菌病所包含的多种临床表现的创新预防和治疗方法。在这篇综述中，我们提出了证据表明，在不同的活化和分化状态，并从各种宿主物种的单核吞噬细胞的多样性人口，可以吞噬C。白念珠菌芽生孢子通过一系列调理和非调理机制，并能杀死C.白念珠菌芽生孢子和菌丝通过氧依赖性和非依赖性机制。活性氮中间体现在应该被添加到巨噬细胞的公认的杀念珠菌活性氧中间体中。此外，被认为是两个独立的途径，即，一氧化氮和超氧阴离子现已显示联合收割机形成有效的杀巨噬细胞念珠菌分子过氧亚硝酸盐。与单核细胞和中性粒细胞相反，它们在抵抗早期阶段的C。白念珠菌感染时，由细胞因子如γ-干扰素激活的分化程度更高的巨噬细胞参与了宿主对白念珠菌的获得性耐药。白念珠菌特异性细胞免疫在这篇评论中提出的证据表明，单核吞噬细胞，在某些情况下，在没有其他专业的吞噬细胞，如中性粒细胞，发挥重要作用，抵抗系统性和粘膜念珠菌病。
Candida albicans, an increasingly common opportunistic pathogenic fungus, frequently causes disease in immunodeficient but not immunocompetent hosts. Clarifying the role of the phagocytic cells that participate in resistance to candidiasis not only is basic to understanding how the host copes with this dimorphic pathogen but also will expedite the development of innovative prophylactic and therapeutic approaches for treating the multiple clinical presentations that candidiasis encompasses. In this review, we present evidence that a diverse population of mononuclear phagocytes, in different states of activation and differentiation and from a variety of host species, can phagocytize C. albicans blastoconidia via an array of opsonic and nonopsonic mechanisms and can kill C. albicans blastoconidia and hyphae by means of oxygen-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Reactive nitrogen intermediates should now be added to the well-established candidacidal reactive oxygen intermediates of macrophages. Furthermore, what were thought to be two independent pathways, i.e., nitric oxide and superoxide anion, have now been shown to combine to form a potent macrophage candidacidal molecule, peroxynitrite. In contrast to monocytes and neutrophils, which are important in resistance to early stages of C. albicans infections, more differentiated macrophages activated by cytokines such as gamma interferon participate in the acquired resistance of hosts with C. albicans-specific, cell-mediated immunity. Evidence presented in this review demonstrates that mononuclear phagocytes, in some instances in the absence of other professional phagocytes such as neutrophils, play an import role in resistance to systemic and mucosal candidiasis.