Smart Metering and Electricity Demand: Technology, Economics and International Experience
Smart Metering and Electricity Demand: Technology, Economics and International Experience
复制标题
DOI：
10.17863/cam.5368
复制
发表时间：
2009-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. B. Haney;T. Jamasb;M. Pollitt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. B. Haney;T. Jamasb;M. Pollitt
近年来，智能电能计量在世界范围内引起了广泛关注。一些国家和区域已开始部署新的计量系统;还有许多国家和区域已确定部署目标或正在进行试验。技术和国际经验的全面进步使计量领域成为一个快速变化的领域。这些变化发生之际，人们正日益强调需求方在提高能源市场效率、加强供应安全以及释放节能和减碳效益方面的作用。创新的计量形式可以成为一个有用的工具，有助于实现积极的需求方，并超越以供应为重点的部门。在本文中，我们特别关注自由化电力市场中的智能计量。我们首先从政策、计量的作用和市场结构以及智能计量增加需求方参与的潜力等方面为创新电力计量设定了背景。然后，我们通过研究国际趋势，智能计量系统的各个组成部分，以及未来可能的发展，概述了新的计量技术。接下来，我们将评估智能电表的经济性，重点是智能电表的成本和收益以及这些成本和收益的分布。我们回顾了欧洲、北美和澳大利亚的证据;我们研究了各国和各地区在方法上的差异，以及这些差异如何对政策制定产生影响。最后，我们概述了仍然存在的主要挑战，特别是在技术选择及其监管，分析成本和效益的方法，以及不确定性在投资和政策制定中的作用。
In recent years smart metering of electricity demand has attracted attention around the world. A number of countries and regions have started deploying new metering systems; and many others have set targets for deployment or are undertaking trials. Across the board advances in technology and international experience characterize the metering landscape as a fast-changing one. These changes are taking place at a time when increasing emphasis is being placed on the role of the demand-side in improving the efficiency of energy markets, enhancing security of supply and in unlocking the benefits of energy and carbon savings. Innovative forms of metering can be a useful tool in achieving an active demand-side and moving beyond a supply-focused sector. In this paper we focus in particular on smart metering in liberalized electricity markets. We firstly set the context for innovative electricity metering in terms of policy, the role and market structure for metering, and the potential for smart metering to increase demand-side participation. We then provide an overview of new metering technologies by examining international trends, the various components of smart metering systems, and the likely future developments. Next we assess the economics of smart meters focusing on the costs and benefits of smart metering and the distribution of these. We review the evidence in Europe, North America and Australia; we look at how countries and regions have differed in their approaches and how these differences have had an impact on policy making. We conclude by outlining the main challenges that remain, particularly in technology choice and its regulation, the methodology of analyzing costs and benefits and the role of uncertainty in investment and policy making.