Eating down the food chain: generalism is not an evolutionary dead end for herbivores
Eating down the food chain: generalism is not an evolutionary dead end for herbivores
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吃掉食物链：普遍主义并不是食草动物的进化死胡同
DOI：
10.1111/ele.12911
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Harmon, ed., Luke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rojas, Danny;Ramos Pereira, Maria João;Fonseca, Carlos;Dávalos, Liliana M.;Harmon, ed., Luke
营养专门化在分类多样化中的作用仍然不清楚。植物专家比杂食动物和食肉动物更快地多样化，但在较短的宏观进化尺度上，这种模式有时会逆转。在这里，我们估计的影响，饮食多样化的物种形成率在蝙蝠，控制树的形状，率异质性和宏观进化制度。我们假设，生态位细分草食动物之间的正相关的物种形成率，不同的宏观进化制度。我们发现，随着饮食进化速度的增加，新的食草性谱系的起源速度会下降。草食动物的物种形成率较高，但多面手草食动物和以草食为主的杂食动物的物种形成速度比专门的草食动物，杂食动物和食肉动物快。一般化的食草动物并非死路一条。我们表明，分析生态特征和多样化需要考虑宏观进化机制和进化速率的分支内和分支间变化。我们的方法克服了其他方法的高假阳性率，并阐明了草食动物和物种形成中的专业化作用。
The role of trophic specialisation in taxonomic diversification remains unclear. Plant specialists diversify faster than omnivores and animalivores, but at shorter macroevolutionary scales this pattern sometimes reverses. Here, we estimate the effect of diet diversification on speciation rates in noctilionoid bats, controlling for tree shape, rate heterogeneity and macroevolutionary regimes. We hypothesise that niche subdivision among herbivores positively relates to speciation rates, differing between macroevolutionary regimes. We found the rate at which new herbivorous lineages originate decreases as rates of diet evolution increase. Herbivores experience higher speciation rates, but generalist herbivores and predominantly herbivorous omnivores speciate faster than specialised herbivores, omnivores and animalivores. Generalised herbivory is not a dead end. We show that analysing ecological traits and diversification requires accounting for macroevolutionary regimes and within‐ and between‐clade variation in evolutionary rates. Our approach overcomes the high false‐positive rates of other methods and illuminates the roles of herbivory and specialisation in speciation.