VIRULENCE, TOXINOGENY, AND LYSOGENY IN CORYNEBACTERIUM-DIPHTHERIAE
VIRULENCE, TOXINOGENY, AND LYSOGENY IN CORYNEBACTERIUM-DIPHTHERIAE
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1960.tb20099.x
复制
发表时间：
1960-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
HORIBATA, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BARKSDALE, L;GARMISE, L;HORIBATA, K
简述了白喉芽孢杆菌的生物学。特别注意的是它的毒力（侵袭性）和它的毒素发生。前一种性质受细菌的遗传控制，但控制毒素发生的基因存在于某些噬菌体中。在感染其中一种噬菌体后，强毒的、无毒性的白喉棒状杆菌变成强毒的、有毒性的杆菌。毒素的产生需要激活潜伏在溶原致毒菌株中的噬菌体增殖机制。粗杆菌是无毒的和良好的毒素生产者。光滑杆菌毒性强，产生的毒素很少。因此，毒力的性质与平滑度有关。某些延缓裂解开始的药剂可提高毒素产量，即延长潜伏期。用于毒素形成动力学研究的理想生物体是具有长分裂时间特征的粗糙（不光滑）、诱导、致毒的白喉杆菌。后一种特性将确保增加潜伏期。这种白喉杆菌是可用的。这是PW8菌株，由威廉·哈洛克·帕克于1896年发现。我们正在慢慢意识到它是多么适合制造大量白喉毒素。
A brief survey of the biology of the diphtheria bacillus has been presented. Particular attention has been paid to its virulence (invasiveness) and to its toxinogeny. The former property is under the genetic control of the bacterium, but the gene governing toxinogeny resides in certain bacteriophages. Virulent, nontoxinogenic Corynebacterium diptheriae become virulent, toxinogenic bacilli following infection with one of these phages. The production of toxin requires the activation of the phage-multiplying machinery latent in the lysogenic toxinogenic strains. Rough bacilli are avirulent and good toxin producers. Smooth bacilli are virulent and give poor yields of toxin. The property of virulence, then, is associated with smoothness. Toxin yields are enhanced by certain agents that delay the onset of lysis, that is, lengthen the latent period. An ideal organism for use in a study of the kinetics of toxin formation would be a rough (nonsmooth), in-ducible, toxinogenic diphtheria bacillus characterized by a long division time. This latter property would assure an increased latent period. Such a diphtheria bacillus is available. It is the PW8 strain, discovered by William Hallock Park in 1896. We are slowly becoming aware of how well suited it is for making a large quantity of diphtheria toxin.