The Role of the Judge in Endangered Species Act Implementation: District Judge James Redden and the Columbia Basin Salmon Saga
The Role of the Judge in Endangered Species Act Implementation: District Judge James Redden and the Columbia Basin Salmon Saga
复制标题
法官在《濒危物种法》实施中的作用：地区法官詹姆斯·雷登和哥伦比亚盆地鲑鱼传奇
DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.2051638
复制
发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Aurora Paulsen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Blumm;Aurora Paulsen
在驳回了三项联邦生物学意见（BiOps）后，法官詹姆斯A.雷登已经退休，将诉讼的监督权交给了一位新的联邦法官。这个复杂的案例涉及世界上最大的水电系统必须为该地区的标志性自然资源提供的住宿，现已跨越近20年和5个不同的BiOps。雷登法官与各方密切合作，试图改善鲑鱼的生存状况。在这个管理角色中，他扮演的也许是哈佛教授亚伯拉罕·查耶斯（Abraham Chayes）很久以前描绘的公法诉讼中典型的联邦法官。雷登法官留下了一双难以填补的巨鞋：除了敦促他听从联邦机构专业意见的联邦机构之外，他还愿意与该地区几乎所有涉及水力发电、航运和哥伦比亚河贸易的最强大利益集团--太平洋西北地区最强大的游说集团--对抗。本文提供了水电作业和鲑鱼之间的冲突的背景，并讨论了雷登法官的审查哥伦比亚盆地生物在过去十年。然后，它回顾了复杂的公共诉讼，如哥伦比亚河鲑鱼佐贺的司法管理的概念，并得出结论，继续密切的司法监督将是必要的，如果鲑鱼要从联邦哥伦比亚河水电系统造成的损害中恢复。
After rejecting three federal biological opinions (BiOps) for favoring federal Columbia Basin hydroelectric operations over salmon protected by the Endangered Species Act (ESA), Judge James A. Redden has retired, passing oversight of the litigation to a new federal judge. This complex case, which concerns the accommodations the world’s largest hydropower system must give to the region’s signature natural resource, has now spanned nearly twenty years and five different BiOps. For his part, Judge Redden worked closely with the parties in an attempt to arrive at improvements in salmon survival. In this managerial role, he acted perhaps as the archetypical federal judge in public law litigation sketched long ago by Harvard Professor Abraham Chayes. Judge Redden leaves behind giant shoes that will be difficult to fill: a willingness to stand up to virtually all the most powerful interests in the region involved in hydropower generation, navigation, and the trade on the Columbia River — some of the most formidable lobbies in the Pacific Northwest — in addition to the federal agencies urging him to defer to their expertise. This article provides background on the clash between hydropower operations and salmonids and discusses Judge Redden’s review of the Columbia Basin BiOps over the past decade. It then reviews concepts of judicial management of complex public litigation such as the Columbia River salmon saga and concludes that continued close judicial oversight will be necessary if the salmon are to recover from the damage inflicted by the federal Columbia River hydropower system.