Bioaerosol transport modeling and risk assessment in relation to biosolid placement
Bioaerosol transport modeling and risk assessment in relation to biosolid placement
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DOI：
10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900010043x
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发表时间：
2000-01-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Pillai, SD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dowd, SE;Gerba, CP;Pillai, SD
进行了一项实地研究，在实地地点对生物气溶胶进行了采样，并进行了厌氧消化、脱水的生物固体材料的陆地放置。这些实地研究的数据随后被用来产生生物固体的微生物释放率，用于模拟生物气溶胶运输。采用微生物迁移模型对以现场大型生物固体堆（放置前临时储存）为代表的连续点源和以喷洒放置生物固体的大面积为代表的连续区域源进行建模；产生下风微生物浓度。然后将这些量化的运输数据输入微生物剂量反应模型，试图描述致病菌和病毒感染工人和附近人口中心的风险。在2米/秒风速和1小时暴露条件下，生物固体场地工人的病毒和细菌感染风险分别为3:100和2:100，该模型提出的暴露途径是细菌或病毒病原体的运输、吸入、沉积和吞咽。注意，这些风险模型本质上倾向于高估主要由免疫能力强的个体组成的人群（废水工人）的实际风险。在这些低风条件下，在距离（和施药地点）10000米的附近可能存在这种免疫能力强的人群的人口中心，预计被雾化细菌感染的风险很小（1.95 x 10(-2):100），而被雾化病毒感染的风险为零。
A field study was performed in which bioaerosols were sampled at a field site undergoing land placement of anaerobically digested, de-watered biosolid material. The data from these field studies were then used to generate microbial release rates from the biosolids for use in modeling bioaerosol transport. Continuous-point sources represented by large biosolid piles (temporary storage before placement) in the field, and continuous-area sources represented by Large fields upon which biosolids were placed by spraying, were modeled using microbial transport models; and downwind microbial concentrations were generated. These quantified transport data were then entered into microbial dose-response models in an attempt to characterize the risk of pathogenic bacteria and viruses infecting workers and nearby population centers. The risk of viral and bacterial infection to workers at biosolid land application sites is 3:100 and 2:100, respectively, under 2-m/s wind renditions and 1 hr of exposure, The route of exposure proposed in this model is the transport, inhalation, deposition, and swallowing of bacterial or viral pathogens. Note that these risk models by nature would tend to overestimate the actual risk to populations (wastewater workers) consisting primarily of immunocompetent individuals. Under these low-wind conditions, nearby population centers where such immunocompetent populations may exist there considered to be 10 000 m from the (and application sites) are predicted to be at little risk (1.95 x 10(-2):100) of infection from aerosolized bacteria and at no risk from aerosolized viruses.