Novel Substrates as Sources of Ancient DNA: Prospects and Hurdles.

Novel Substrates as Sources of Ancient DNA: Prospects and Hurdles.
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DOI:
10.3390/genes8070180
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发表时间:
2017-07-13
期刊:
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Speller CF
Speller CF
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Green EJ;Speller CF

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在20世纪80年代后期发现骨骼和牙齿等硬组织保存了遗传信息之后,古代DNA分析领域通常集中在这些基质上。高通量测序的出现,结合优化的DNA回收方法,使得能够分析世界各地无数的古代物种和标本,其历史可以追溯到中更新世。尽管分析技术日益复杂,但骨和牙本质以外基质的遗传分析仍然相对“新颖”。在这里,我们回顾了其他生物基质的分析,这些基质为阐明系统发育关系、古环境和微生物生态系统提供了巨大的潜力,包括(1)考古文物和生态事实;(2)钙化和/或矿化的生物沉积物;(3)生物和文化档案。我们的结论是,迫切需要更精细的DNA保存模型和定制的DNA提取和分析工具,以验证和最大限度地利用所获得的数据。有了这些工具,被忽视或开发不足的底物的潜力将被实现,以提供对微生物遗传学,微生物进化和进化过程的独特见解。
Following the discovery in the late 1980s that hard tissues such as bones and teeth preserve genetic information, the field of ancient DNA analysis has typically concentrated upon these substrates. The onset of high-throughput sequencing, combined with optimized DNA recovery methods, has enabled the analysis of a myriad of ancient species and specimens worldwide, dating back to the Middle Pleistocene. Despite the growing sophistication of analytical techniques, the genetic analysis of substrates other than bone and dentine remain comparatively “novel”. Here, we review analyses of other biological substrates which offer great potential for elucidating phylogenetic relationships, paleoenvironments, and microbial ecosystems including (1) archaeological artifacts and ecofacts; (2) calcified and/or mineralized biological deposits; and (3) biological and cultural archives. We conclude that there is a pressing need for more refined models of DNA preservation and bespoke tools for DNA extraction and analysis to authenticate and maximize the utility of the data obtained. With such tools in place the potential for neglected or underexploited substrates to provide a unique insight into phylogenetics, microbial evolution and evolutionary processes will be realized.
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