Organelle gene diversity under migration, mutation, and drift: equilibrium expectations, approach to equilibrium, effects of heteroplasmic cells, and comparison to nuclear genes.
Organelle gene diversity under migration, mutation, and drift: equilibrium expectations, approach to equilibrium, effects of heteroplasmic cells, and comparison to nuclear genes.
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迁移、突变和漂移下的细胞器基因多样性：平衡预期、平衡方法、异质细胞的影响以及与核基因的比较。
DOI：
10.1093/genetics/121.3.613
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发表时间：
1989
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Maruyama,T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BirkyJr,CW;Fuerst,P;Maruyama,T
我们开发了线粒体和叶绿体基因的随机群体遗传理论，使用适合于分子遗传数据的无限等位基因模型。我们考虑了在有限岛模型中突变、随机漂移和迁移对选择性中性等位基因的影响。回归方程得到的期望基因diform内合子，殖民地内，殖民地之间。这些变量是菌落的数量和大小、迁移率、性别比、父系传播程度、生殖系细胞分裂的数量、分离细胞器基因组的有效数量和突变率。用计算机解递推方程来研究平衡的途径。基因分化平衡缓慢，而GST，用于衡量人口细分，平衡迅速。用Neo和me（繁殖或迁移的雄性和雌性的数量和父系传递的程度的简单函数）代替核基因方程中的有效基因数和迁移率，可以得到核基因和GST的近似平衡方程。当个体内的多样性大于个体间的多样性时，近似方程就不成立了，动物mtDNA的D环常常是这样。我们使用精确的方程来验证细胞器基因往往比核基因显示出更多的细分;然而，我们也确定了繁殖和迁移的性别比的范围，其中人口细分是更大的核基因。最后，我们表明，基因diforms是更高的细胞核比细胞器在一个更大的范围内的性别比在一个细分的人口比在一个panmictic人口。
We developed stochastic population genetic theory for mitochondrial and chloroplast genes, using an infinite alleles model appropriate for molecular genetic data. We considered the effects of mutation, random drift, and migration in a finite island model on selectively neutral alleles. Recurrence equations were obtained for the expectation of gene diversities within zygotes, within colonies, and between colonies. The variables are number and sizes of colonies, migration rates, sex ratios, degree of paternal transmission, number of germ line cell divisions, effective number of segregating organelle genomes, and mutation rate. Computer solutions of the recurrence equations were used to study the approach to equilibrium. Gene diversities equilibrate slowly, while GST, used to measure population subdivision, equilibrates rapidly. Approximate equilibrium equations for gene diversities and GST can be obtained by substituting Neo and me, simple functions of the numbers of breeding or migrating males and females and of the degree of paternal transmission, for the effective numbers of genes and migration rates in the corresponding equations for nuclear genes. The approximate equations are not valid when the diversity within individuals is large compared to that between individuals, as is often true for the D-loop of animal mtDNA. We used the exact equations to verify that organelle genes often show more subdivision than nuclear genes; however, we also identified the range of breeding and migrating sex ratios for which population subdivision is greater for nuclear genes. Finally, we show that gene diversities are higher for nuclei than for organelles over a larger range of sex ratios in a subdivided population than in a panmictic population.