Long non-coding RNAs and human disease
Long non-coding RNAs and human disease
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DOI：
10.1042/bst20120020
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发表时间：
2012-08-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Harries, Lorna W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Harries, Lorna W.
分子生物学的中心法则指出DNA被转录成RNA，RNA又被翻译成蛋白质。然而，我们现在知道，多达 50% 的转录组不具有蛋白质编码潜力，而是代表一类负责基因表达微调的重要调节分子。尽管小调节 RNA [microRNA 和 siRNA（小干扰 RNA）] 的作用已明确定义，但存在另一种特征较少的非编码转录本，即 IncRNA（长非编码 RNA）。 IncRNA 普遍由真核基因组表达，长度可达千碱基，通过影响其靶标的表观遗传控制、染色质状态、mRNA 加工或翻译能力来调节其靶标。在本综述中，我概述了 IncRNA 的潜在作用机制、与其相关的细胞过程，并探讨了它们参与人类常见疾病的一些新证据。
The central dogma of molecular biology states that DNA is transcribed into RNA, which in turn is translated into proteins. We now know, however, that as much as 50% of the transcriptome has no protein-coding potential, but rather represents an important class of regulatory molecules responsible for the fine-tuning of gene expression. Although the role of small regulatory RNAs [microRNAs and siRNAs (small interfering RNA)] is well defined, another much less characterized category of non-coding transcripts exists, namely IncRNAs (long non-coding RNAs). Pervasively expressed by eukaryotic genomes, IncRNAs can be kilobases long and regulate their targets by influencing the epigenetic control, chromatin status, mRNA processing or translation capacity of their targets. In the present review, I outline the potential mechanisms of action of IncRNAs, the cellular processes that have been associated with them, and also explore some of the emerging evidence for their involvement in common human disease.