Chromophores for the Delivery of Bioactive Molecules with Two-Photon Excitation
Chromophores for the Delivery of Bioactive Molecules with Two-Photon Excitation
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-61779-031-7_4
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wilson, Hunter C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dore, Timothy M.;Wilson, Hunter C.
通过双光子激发（2 PE）从“笼状化合物”中局部释放生物活性分子是用于研究细胞和组织培养以及整个动物中的生物过程的新兴技术。当2 PE驱动生物效应器的激活时，实现了几个优点：（1）激发被紧密地定位于飞升大小的体积;（2）对生物组织的光损伤较少;以及（3）实现了对样品的更深穿透。生物效应物的精确三维递送的广泛使用和应用扩展的障碍是少量可用的笼化组和光触发剂，其对2 PE具有足够的灵敏度、适当的光解动力学和必要的生理相容性。基于硝基苄基、硝基吲哚啉、香豆素、邻羟基肉桂酸、断头台和其他结构基序的发色团已被设计用于调节具有2 PE的生物活性化合物的作用。从双光子吸收材料阐明的结构性质关系的设计原理可以应用于设计用于高效2 PE介导的生物效应物释放的笼状基团和光触发器。供体和受体基团的缀合大小、对称性和强度影响对2 PE的总体敏感性，但这些因素必须与生物相容性的需要和以快速动力学驱动光化学反应的能力相平衡。
The localized release of bioactive molecules from "caged compounds" through two-photon excitation (2PE) is an emerging technology for the study of biological processes in cell and tissue culture and whole animals. Several advantages are realized when 2PE drives the activation of the biological effector: (1) excitation is tightly localized to femtoliter-sized volumes; (2) there is less photodamage to biological tissues; and (3) deeper penetration into the sample is achieved. A barrier to widespread use and an expansion of applications for the pinpoint three-dimensional delivery of biological effectors are the small number of available caging groups and phototriggers with sufficient sensitivity to 2PE, appropriate photolysis kinetics, and necessary physiological compatibility. Chromophores based on nitrobenzyl, nitroindoline, coumarin, ortho-hydroxycinnamic acid, guillotine, and other structural motifs have been designed to regulate the action of biologically active compounds with 2PE. Design principles from structure property relationships elucidated for two-photon absorbing materials can be applied to the design of caging groups and phototriggers for high efficiency 2PE-mediated release of bioeffectors. The conjugation size, symmetry, and the strength of donor and acceptor groups impact the overall sensitivity to 2PE, but these factors must be balanced with the need for biocompatibility and the ability to drive photochemical reactions with rapid kinetics.