Water intake in an Asian population living in arsenic-contaminated area
Water intake in an Asian population living in arsenic-contaminated area
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DOI：
10.1016/j.taap.2003.10.024
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发表时间：
2004-08-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Ohtsuka, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Watanabe, C;Kawata, A;Ohtsuka, R
暴露评价是砷慢性毒性风险评价的重要环节。发展中国家受砷影响的人口一直缺乏作为接触计算基础的饮水量。因此，本研究的目的是（1）估计这些人群的饮水量，（2）估计水与食物作为砷暴露源的相对重要性。成年男性和女性（n = 19为每个）选择了两个农村孟加拉国社区，完全依赖于管井供水。他们的水摄入量测量两种方法，24小时自我报告和采访频繁访问。两种方法的结果在相关性和绝对摄入量方面基本一致。通过自我报告方法获得的平均饮水量约为3升/天，个体差异很大（最大值= 6升/天），没有性别差异，但社区间存在显着差异。总砷暴露量的计算表明，除了主要来自食物的暴露量相对较低外，砷暴露量没有性别差异。虽然这些结果需要在各种环境条件下进一步证实，但这些结果表明：（1）先前在该地区观察到的砷毒性表现的性别差异应与暴露水平以外的因素有关;（2）应仔细解释与地下水低砷浓度相关的风险，因为食物可能提供额外的砷负担。(C)2004爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
Exposure evaluation is an indispensable step for the risk assessment of chronic arsenic toxicity. The amount of water intake, which consists of the base of exposure calculation, has been lacking for the arsenic-affected populations in the developing countries. Thus, the purposes of the present study were (1) to estimate the water intake in such population, and (2) to estimate the relative importance of water versus food as the source of arsenic exposure. Adult males and females (n = 19 for each) were selected from two rural Bangladeshi communities that entirely depended on tubewells for their water supply. Their water intake was measured by two methods, a 24-h self-report and an interview with frequent visits. Results of the two methods generally agreed with each other in terms of correlation and the absolute intakes. Mean water intake obtained by the self-report method was found to be around 3 l/day with substantial individual variation (the maximum = 6 1/day), no sex difference, and a significant between-community difference. The calculation for total arsenic exposure demonstrated that there was no sex difference in arsenic exposure except when the exposure was mainly from food and thus relatively low. Although these results need to be further confirmed under various environmental settings, these results suggested that (1) the sex difference in the manifestation of arsenic toxicity previously observed in this area should be related with factors other than exposure level and that (2) the risks associated with low arsenic concentrations of groundwater should be carefully interpreted because food may be providing additional burden of arsenic. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.