What visual illusions teach us about schizophrenia.
What visual illusions teach us about schizophrenia.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnint.2014.00063
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Jardri R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Notredame CE;Pins D;Deneve S;Jardri R
错觉，即存在于环境中的物体的客观和感知属性之间的不匹配，是正常和病理条件下视觉感知的共同特征。这使得错觉成为探索正常感知及其障碍的宝贵工具。尽管仍有争议，但越来越多的研究支持精神分裂症患者对错觉的易感性发生改变且通常减弱的假设。本文旨在从心理物理学、神经生理学和功能学的角度综述如何利用错觉来探索和揭示精神分裂症视知觉的核心特征。我们建议将这些发现整合到一个共同的分层贝叶斯推理框架。贝叶斯形式主义认为感知是感官证据和先验知识之间的最佳组合，从而突出了感知和信念的交织。值得注意的是，它为精神分裂症中观察到的感知变化提供了一个全面而令人信服的解释，这些变化可能会使用错觉范式进行理想的测试，以及探索神经机制的潜在途径。精神病理学（在积极的症状，主观经验或行为中断方面）的影响进行了批判性的讨论。
Illusion, namely a mismatch between the objective and perceived properties of an object present in the environment, is a common feature of visual perception, both in normal and pathological conditions. This makes illusion a valuable tool with which to explore normal perception and its impairments. Although still debated, the hypothesis of a modified, and typically diminished, susceptibility to illusions in schizophrenia patients is supported by a growing number of studies. The current paper aimed to review how illusions have been used to explore and reveal the core features of visual perception in schizophrenia from a psychophysical, neurophysiological and functional point of view. We propose an integration of these findings into a common hierarchical Bayesian inference framework. The Bayesian formalism considers perception as the optimal combination between sensory evidence and prior knowledge, thereby highlighting the interweaving of perceptions and beliefs. Notably, it offers a holistic and convincing explanation for the perceptual changes observed in schizophrenia that might be ideally tested using illusory paradigms, as well as potential paths to explore neural mechanisms. Implications for psychopathology (in terms of positive symptoms, subjective experience or behavior disruptions) are critically discussed.