The two-speed genomes of filamentous pathogens: waltz with plants
The two-speed genomes of filamentous pathogens: waltz with plants
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DOI：
10.1016/j.gde.2015.09.001
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发表时间：
2015-12-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Kamoun, Sophien
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dong, Suomeng;Raffaele, Sylvain;Kamoun, Sophien
真菌和卵菌包括真核植物病原体的深而多样的谱系。在过去的10年里，我们已经对这些所谓的丝状植物病原体的许多物种的基因组进行了测序。基本概念已经出现。丝状真菌植物病原体基因组往往含有大量编码调节宿主植物过程的毒力效应子的基因。效应基因不是随机分布在基因组中，而是倾向于与富含重复序列和转座因子的区室相关。这些发现导致了“双速基因组”模型，其中丝状病原体基因组具有基因稀疏的二分结构，重复丰富的隔室作为适应性进化的摇篮。在这里，我们回顾了这个概念，并讨论了植物病原体如何成为研究多个时间尺度上进化适应的良好模型系统。我们还将介绍关于这一主题的下一阶段研究。
Fungi and oomycetes include deep and diverse lineages of eukaryotic plant pathogens. The last 10 years have seen the sequencing of the genomes of a multitude of species of these so-called filamentous plant pathogens. Already, fundamental concepts have emerged. Filamentous plant pathogen genomes tend to harbor large repertoires of genes encoding virulence effectors that modulate host plant processes. Effector genes are not randomly distributed across the genomes but tend to be associated with compartments enriched in repetitive sequences and transposable elements. These findings have led to the 'two-speed genome' model in which filamentous pathogen genomes have a bipartite architecture with gene sparse, repeat rich compartments serving as a cradle for adaptive evolution. Here, we review this concept and discuss how plant pathogens are great model systems to study evolutionary adaptations at multiple time scales. We will also introduce the next phase of research on this topic.