Mechanisms underlying age- and performance-related differences in working memory.
Mechanisms underlying age- and performance-related differences in working memory.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1162/jocn.2010.21540
复制
发表时间：
2011-06
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Holcomb PJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Daffner KR;Chong H;Sun X;Tarbi EC;Riis JL;McGinnis SM;Holcomb PJ
本研究利用erp的亚秒时间分辨率来研究工作记忆中年龄和表现相关差异的机制。年轻人和老年人都参加了一项有三个难度等级的口头n-back任务。在双背条件下，根据准确率将每组分为高、低两组。老年受试者和表现不佳的年轻受试者在初步失配/匹配检测操作（由前路N2成分索引）中均表现出损伤。这可能损害了随后决策过程所能获得的资料的质量（以P3组成部分为索引），因此需要拨出更多的资源。老年受试者增加了前半球和右半球的活动。神经效率和分配更多资源用于决策的能力在两个年龄组的表现优异者和表现不佳者之间存在差异。在低需求条件下，高绩效者比低绩效者使用更少的资源执行任务（以P3幅度为指标）。随着任务要求的增加，表现优异的年轻人和老年人能够为决策分配额外的资源，而表现不佳的同龄人分配的资源则更少。更高的任务要求更多地利用处理能力，而不是决策（例如持续关注），这些操作依赖于有限资源的共享池。随着需求的增加，所有组都将额外的资源分配给维持注意力的过程（以后向慢波为指标）。对低绩效人员的需求似乎超过了能力，导致决策过程可用的资源减少，这可能导致业绩下降。
This study took advantage of the subsecond temporal resolution of ERPs to investigate mechanisms underlying age- and performance-related differences in working memory. Young and old subjects participated in a verbal n-back task with three levels of difficulty. Each group was divided into high and low performers based on accuracy under the 2-back condition. Both old subjects and low-performing young subjects exhibited impairments in preliminary mismatch/match detection operations (indexed by the anterior N2 component). This may have undermined the quality of information available for the subsequent decision-making process (indexed by the P3 component), necessitating the appropriation of more resources. Additional anterior and right hemisphere activity was recruited by old subjects. Neural efficiency and the capacity to allocate more resources to decision-making differed between high and low performers in both age groups. Under low demand conditions, high performers executed the task utilizing fewer resources than low performers (indexed by the P3 amplitude). As task requirements increased, high-performing young and old subjects were able to appropriate additional resources to decision-making, whereas their low-performing counterparts allocated fewer resources. Higher task demands increased utilization of processing capacity for operations other than decision-making (e.g., sustained attention) that depend upon a shared pool of limited resources. As demands increased, all groups allocated additional resources to the process of sustaining attention (indexed by the posterior slow wave). Demands appeared to have exceeded capacity in low performers, leading to a reduction of resources available to the decision-making process, which likely contributed to a decline in performance.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
EGAN, V;CHISWICK, A;BEST, JJK
通讯作者：
BEST, JJK
DOI：
10.1016/0013-4694(96)00288-x
发表时间：
1996-04-01
期刊：
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Gevins, A;Smith, ME;Whitfield, S
通讯作者：
Whitfield, S
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Davis, Simon W.;Dennis, Nancy A.;Cabeza, Roberto
通讯作者：
Cabeza, Roberto
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
JOHNSON, R
通讯作者：
JOHNSON, R
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
FOLSTEIN, MF;FOLSTEIN, SE;MCHUGH, PR
通讯作者：
MCHUGH, PR