Reassessing rainfall in the Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico: Local and global ecohydrological implications.
Reassessing rainfall in the Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico: Local and global ecohydrological implications.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0180987
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Torres-Sánchez AJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Murphy SF;Stallard RF;Scholl MA;González G;Torres-Sánchez AJ
与其他环境相比，山区获得的降水比例更大，因此对世界供水做出了不成比例的贡献。卢基约山脉是波多黎各岛上降雨量最高的地区，也是周边社区的重要水源。该地区作为长期研究地点的作用已经产生了大量的水文、生态和地质调查，这些调查已被纳入将热带森林与其他生态系统进行比较的区域和全球概览中。大多数森林和流域范围内的降水量（以及通过水平衡推断的蒸散量）的估计都假设降水量随着海拔的升高而持续增加。然而，在对该地区所有已知当前和历史雨量计的新分析中，我们发现，与信风纬度的其他山区岛屿类似，卢基约山脉的背风（西部）流域的年平均降水量低于迎风（东部）流域。因此，之前对卢基约山脉的研究高估了背风流域的降水量高达 40%。然而，伊卡科斯流域尽管位于最高峰以下 200-400 米且位于第一主要地形屏障的背风处，但其降水量却是最高的。在高度和宽度相似的其他岛屿山脉中也观察到了这种背风侧的增强，并且可能是由多种机制引起的。因此，长期以来报告的伊卡科斯流域蒸散率低得不切实际的差异很可能是由于之前对降水量的低估（可能低估了 20%）造成的。之前的几项研究中的降雨/径流比表明卢基约流域要么径流过剩，要么径流不足，但本次分析表明，事实上它们与其他热带流域相似。由于卢基约山脉在基本生态水文过程的全球评估中经常充当潮湿的热带原型，因此这些修订后的估计与径流效率、重新造林的水文影响、地貌过程和气候变化的区域和全球评估相关。
Mountains receive a greater proportion of precipitation than other environments, and thus make a disproportionate contribution to the world’s water supply. The Luquillo Mountains receive the highest rainfall on the island of Puerto Rico and serve as a critical source of water to surrounding communities. The area’s role as a long-term research site has generated numerous hydrological, ecological, and geological investigations that have been included in regional and global overviews that compare tropical forests to other ecosystems. Most of the forest- and watershed-wide estimates of precipitation (and evapotranspiration, as inferred by a water balance) have assumed that precipitation increases consistently with elevation. However, in this new analysis of all known current and historical rain gages in the region, we find that similar to other mountainous islands in the trade wind latitudes, leeward (western) watersheds in the Luquillo Mountains receive lower mean annual precipitation than windward (eastern) watersheds. Previous studies in the Luquillo Mountains have therefore overestimated precipitation in leeward watersheds by up to 40%. The Icacos watershed, however, despite being located at elevations 200–400 m below the tallest peaks and to the lee of the first major orographic barrier, receives some of the highest precipitation. Such lee-side enhancement has been observed in other island mountains of similar height and width, and may be caused by several mechanisms. Thus, the long-reported discrepancy of unrealistically low rates of evapotranspiration in the Icacos watershed is likely caused by previous underestimation of precipitation, perhaps by as much as 20%. Rainfall/runoff ratios in several previous studies suggested either runoff excess or runoff deficiency in Luquillo watersheds, but this analysis suggests that in fact they are similar to other tropical watersheds. Because the Luquillo Mountains often serve as a wet tropical archetype in global assessments of basic ecohydrological processes, these revised estimates are relevant to regional and global assessments of runoff efficiency, hydrologic effects of reforestation, geomorphic processes, and climate change.
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影响因子：
6.6
作者：
Bruijnzeel, LA
通讯作者：
Bruijnzeel, LA
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Comarazamy, Daniel E.;Gonzalez, Jorge E.
通讯作者：
Gonzalez, Jorge E.
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Beck, Hylke E.;van Dijk, Albert I. J. M.;Schellekens, Jaap
通讯作者：
Schellekens, Jaap
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Bruijnzeel, L. A.;Mulligan, Mark;Scatena, Frederick N.
通讯作者：
Scatena, Frederick N.
DOI：
10.1002/(sici)1097-0088(199801)18:1
发表时间：
1998-01-01
期刊：
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Chater, AM;Sturman, AP
通讯作者：
Sturman, AP