When Does the In-Group Like the Out-Group? Bias Among Children as a Function of Group Norms
When Does the In-Group Like the Out-Group? Bias Among Children as a Function of Group Norms
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DOI：
10.1177/0956797615572758
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发表时间：
2015-06-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Killen, Melanie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rutland, Adam;Hitti, Aline;Killen, Melanie
研究表明，群体内偏袒在成人和儿童中都很普遍。虽然研究表明，个体并不总是表现出群体内的偏见，但人们对群体外偏好存在的条件还没有很好的理解。在这项研究中，参与者（N = 462），年龄在9至16岁的判断组内的越轨行为，要么符合或违反了两组共享的通用规范。研究结果表明，第一次，孩子们更喜欢外组在组内的越轨行为只有当组内同行的越轨行为符合一般规范和威胁到他们的群体的身份。参与者通过关注群体凝聚力和忠诚度的需要来证明他们对这些越轨行为的反对是合理的，而他们通过强调自治的需要来表示他们的认可。我们的研究结果表明，儿童的群际态度的影响，他们的同龄人的行为如何匹配不同层次的群体规范。
Research indicates that in-group favoritism is prevalent among both adults and children. Although research has documented that individuals do not consistently display an in-group bias, the conditions under which out-group preference exists are not well understood. In this study, participants (N = 462) aged 9 to 16 years judged in-group deviant acts that were either in line with or counter to a generic norm shared by both groups. The findings demonstrated, for the first time, that children preferred out-group over in-group deviance only when the in-group peer's deviance was in line with the generic norm and a threat to their group's identity. Participants justified their disapproval of these deviants by focusing on the need for group cohesion and loyalty, while they signified their approval by spotlighting the need for autonomy. Our findings suggest that children's intergroup attitudes are influenced by how the behavior of their peers matches different levels of group norms.