Lexical Case, Inherent Case, and Argument Structure
Lexical Case, Inherent Case, and Argument Structure
复制标题
词法格、固有格和论证结构
作者：
Ellen Woolford
格理论除了区分结构格和非结构格外，还必须区分两种非结构格：词汇格和固有格。词格是一种特殊的格，由某些词首（某些动词和介词）在词汇上选择和授权。内在格更规则，与特定的-位置相关：内在与格与DP目标相关，作格与外部论元相关。词汇格和内在格在-位置上呈互补分布：只有主题/内部论元才有词汇格，只有外部论元和DP目标才有内在格。这种互补分布可以解释为根据最近的vP结构的观点，将外部参数和（转移）DP目标适当的VP之外的点，在非结构的情况下被许可。文献中声称更规则的与格和作格实际上是结构格，这是基于错误或误导性的诊断测试。
In addition to the division in Case theory between structural and non-structural Case, the theory must distinguish two kinds of nonstructural Case: lexical Case and inherent Case. Lexical Case is idiosyncratic Case, lexically selected and licensed by certain lexical heads (certain verbs and prepositions). Inherent Case is more regular, associated with particular -positions: inherent dative Case with DP goals, and ergative Case with external arguments. Lexical and inherent Case turn out to be in complementary distribution with respect to -positions: only themes/internal arguments may have lexical Case, and only external arguments and DP goals may have inherent Case. This complementary distribution can be accounted for under recent views of vP structure that place both external arguments and (shifted) DP goals outside the VP proper at the point at which nonstructural Case is licensed. Claims in the literature that the more regular datives and ergatives are actually structural Cases are based on faulty or misleading diagnostic tests.