Sticking together: Independent evolution of biofilm formation in different species of staphylococci has occurred multiple times via different pathways
Sticking together: Independent evolution of biofilm formation in different species of staphylococci has occurred multiple times via different pathways
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粘在一起：不同种类的葡萄球菌生物膜形成的独立进化已经通过不同的途径多次发生
DOI：
10.1101/2024.03.01.582901
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发表时间：
2024
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Crossman L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Crossman L
背景葡萄球菌引起的感染范围广泛，包括种植体相关性感染，由于生物膜的存在而难以治疗。虽然一些蛋白质参与生物膜的形成是已知的，葡萄球菌物种之间的生物膜生产的差异仍然研究不足。目前的生物膜形成金黄色葡萄球菌是更好地了解比其他成员的属更多的研究集中在这个species.ResultsWe组装了一个面板的385个非金黄色葡萄球菌的19个物种的临床来源和参考菌株的组合。我们使用高通量结晶紫测定来评估所有菌株的生物膜形成能力，并分配不同的生物膜形成类别。我们比较了不同类别之间Pfam结构域的患病率，并使用机器学习来识别与生物膜形成相关的20聚体氨基酸。这识别了蛋白质中已经与生物膜形成相关的一些结构域以及之前与葡萄球菌中生物膜形成无关的重要结构域。RT-qPCR证实了预测编码表皮葡萄球菌生物膜内重要结构域的所选基因的表达。生物膜相关结构域的流行和分布显示出与细菌发生有关，提示不同的葡萄球菌物种已经独立地进化了不同的生物膜产生机制。结论这项工作已经确定了不同葡萄球菌物种生物膜形成的不同途径，并提示生物膜已经发生了独立的进化在整个属中多次出现。了解任何特定物种生物膜形成的机制可能需要对相关菌株进行详细研究，并且跨属概括的能力可能有限。
BackgroundStaphylococci cause a wide range of infections, including implant-associated infections which are difficult to treat due to the presence of biofilms. Whilst some proteins involved in biofilm formation are known, the differences in biofilm production between staphylococcal species remains understudied. Currently biofilm formation byStaphylococcus aureusis better understood than other members of the genus as more research has focused on this species.ResultsWe assembled a panel of 385 non-aureus Staphylococcusisolates of 19 species from a combination of clinical sources and reference strains. We used a high-throughput crystal violet assay to assess the biofilm forming ability of all strains and assign distinct biofilm formation categories. We compared the prevalence of Pfam domains between the categories and used machine learning to identify amino acid 20-mers linked to biofilm formation.This identified some domains within proteins already linked to biofilm formation and important domains not previously linked to biofilm formation in staphylococci. RT-qPCR confirmed the expression of selected genes predicted to encode important domains within biofilms inStaphylococcus epidermidis.The prevalence and distribution of biofilm associated domains showed a link to phylogeny, suggesting differentStaphylococcusspecies have independently evolved different mechanisms of biofilm production.ConclusionsThis work has identified different routes to biofilm formation in diverse species ofStaphylococcusand suggests independent evolution of biofilm has occurred multiple times across the genus. Understanding the mechanisms of biofilm formation in any given species is likely to require detailed study of relevant strains and the ability to generalise across the genus may be limited.