Sustainable colloidal-silver-impregnated ceramic filter for point-of-use water treatment
Sustainable colloidal-silver-impregnated ceramic filter for point-of-use water treatment
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DOI：
10.1021/es071268u
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发表时间：
2008-02-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Smith, James A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Oyanedel-Craver, Vinka A.;Smith, James A.
制造了用于家庭(使用点)水处理的圆柱形胶体-银浸渍陶瓷过滤器。并在实验室测试了其在流速和细菌传输方面的性能。过滤器是通过将富含粘土的土壤与水、熟料(以前烧制的粘土)和面粉结合在一起，将它们压制成圆柱体，在900摄氏度下烧成8小时制成的。用汞测孔仪对所得陶瓷过滤器的孔径分布进行了量化。胶体银以不同的数量和方式(浸渍和涂装)应用于滤清器。过滤器也在没有任何胶体银应用的情况下进行了测试。通过变水头渗透性试验对过滤器的水力传导性进行了量化。[H-3]水作为一种保守示踪剂被用来量化平流速度和水动力弥散系数。用大肠杆菌(E-Coli)来定量细菌通过过滤器的传输。水力传导性和孔径分布因滤池组成的不同而不同；水力传导率在10(-5)cm/S数量级，每个滤池50%以上的孔直径在0.02-15微米之间。滤池去除97.8%-100%的细菌；胶体银处理改善了滤池的性能，可能是通过灭活细菌。每个滤池的胶体银投加量对细菌的去除比投加方法更重要。出水滤池水中银的浓度最初大于0.1 mg/L，但连续运行200min后降至该值以下。这些结果表明，可以主要使用当地材料和劳动力制造的胶体银浸渍陶瓷过滤器有望成为世界上最贫穷社区的一种有效和可持续的使用点水处理技术。
Cylindrical colloidal-silver-impregnated ceramic filters for household (point-of-use) water treatment were manufactured. and tested for performance in the laboratory with respect to flow rate and bacteria transport. Filters were manufactured by combining clay-rich soil with water, grog (previously fired clay), and flour, pressing them into cylinders, and firing them at 900 degrees C for 8 h. The pore-size distribution of the resulting ceramic filters was quantified by mercury porosimetry. Colloidal silver was applied to filters in different quantities and ways (dipping and painting). Filters were also tested without any colloidal-silver application. Hydraulic conductivity of the filters was quantified using changing-head permeability tests. [H-3]H2O water was used as a conservative tracer to quantify advection velocities and the coefficient of hydrodynamic dispersion. Escherichia coli(E coli) was used to quantify bacterial transport through the filters. Hydraulic conductivity and pore-size distribution varied with filter composition; hydraulic conductivities were on the order of 10(-5) cm/s and more than 50% of the pores for each filter had diameters ranging from 0.02 to 15 mu m. The filters removed between 97.8% and 100% of the applied bacteria; colloidal-silver treatments improved filter performance, presumably by deactivation of bacteria. The quantity of colloidal silver applied per filter was more important to bacteria removal than the method of application. Silver concentrations in effluent filter water were initially greater than 0.1 mg/L, but dropped below this value after 200 min of continuous operation. These results indicate that colloidal-silver-impregnated ceramic filters, which can be made using primarily local materials and labor, show promise as an effective and sustainable point-of-use water treatment technology for the world's poorest communities.