The Role of the Basal Ganglia in Beat Perception Neuroimaging and Neuropsychological Investigations
The Role of the Basal Ganglia in Beat Perception Neuroimaging and Neuropsychological Investigations
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04553.x
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Grahn, Jessica A.
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文献类型：
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作者：
Grahn, Jessica A.
对音乐节奏的感知在文化上是普遍的。尽管有这种特殊的地位，相对知之甚少的神经生物学的节奏知觉，特别是关于节拍处理。这里介绍的结果来自一系列研究，这些研究专门研究了节拍感知的神经基础，使用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）和研究帕金森病患者。功能磁共振成像数据表明，新的节拍为基础的序列鲁棒地激活基底神经节相比，不规则的，nonbeat序列。此外，虽然最健康。参与者发现，与不规则序列相比，基于节拍的序列更容易区分变化，帕金森病患者未能表现出相同程度的益处。综上所述，这些数据表明，基底神经节在节拍处理中发挥着至关重要的作用。另一项功能磁共振成像研究的结果表明，基底神经节的作用与心跳的内部产生密切相关。当参与者听需要内部产生节拍的节奏时，基底神经节的活动更大，而不是强烈的外部暗示节拍的节奏。部分基底神经节（壳核）和皮质运动区（运动前区和辅助运动区）之间的功能连接在感知节拍节律时也高于非节拍节律。在那些接受音乐训练的人中，发现皮质运动区和听觉区之间的连接性增加。从这些收敛方法的研究结果强烈暗示基底神经节在处理一个有规律的节拍，特别是当内部生成的节拍是必需的。
Perception of musical rhythms is culturally universal. Despite this special status, relatively little is known about the neurobiology of rhythm perception, particularly with respect to beat processing. Findings are presented here from a series of studies that have specifically examined the neural basis of beat perception, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and studying patients with Parkinson's disease. fMRI data indicate that novel beat-based sequences robustly activate the basal ganglia when compared to irregular, nonbeat sequences. Furthermore, although most healthy. participants find it much easier to discriminate changes in beat-based sequences compared to irregular sequences, Parkinson's disease patients fail to show the same degree of benefit. Taken together, these data suggest that the basal ganglia are performing a crucial function in beat processing. The results of an additional fMRI study indicate that the role of the basal ganglia is strongly linked to internal generation of the beat. Basal ganglia activity is greater when participants listen to rhythms in which internal generation of the beat is required, as opposed to rhythms with strongly externally cued beats. Functional connectivity between part of the basal ganglia (the putamen) and cortical motor areas (premotor and supplementary motor areas) is also higher during perception of beat rhythms compared to nonbeat rhythms. Increased connectivity between cortical motor and auditory areas is found in those with musical training. The findings from these converging methods strongly implicate the basal ganglia in processing a regular beat, particularly when internal generation of the beat is required.