A new technique for controlling the brain: optogenetics and its potential for use in research and the clinic
A new technique for controlling the brain: optogenetics and its potential for use in research and the clinic
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DOI：
10.1016/j.brs.2010.09.009
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
LaLumiere, Ryan T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
LaLumiere, Ryan T.
光遗传学技术的最新发展在神经科学研究中产生了相当大的兴奋。光遗传学利用光来控制神经元的活动，这些神经元已经被修改为表达光敏蛋白质。一些蛋白质，如通道视紫红质，是阳离子通道，在照射时产生神经元的去极化。在其他情况下，神经元活动可以通过照射蛋白质来抑制，例如氯泵盐视紫红质，其使神经元过度兴奋。由于这些蛋白质可以在特定的细胞类型和/或特定的位置选择性地表达，因此光遗传学避免了电或药理学脑刺激的几种非特异性效应。这篇简短的评论将解释这种技术的生理学，描述该方法的基本和技术方面，并强调一些研究以及...光遗传学的临床潜力。(C)2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The recent development of optogenetic techniques has generated considerable excitement in neuroscience research. Optogenetics uses light to control the activity of neurons which have been modified to express light-sensitive proteins. Some proteins, such as channelrhodopsin, are cation channels that produce depolarization of neurons when illuminated. In other cases, neuronal activity can be inhibited through illumination of proteins, such as the chloride pump halorhodopsin, that hyperpolarize neurons. Because these proteins can be selectively expressed in specific cell types and/or in specific locations, optogenetics avoids several of the non-specific effects of electrical or pharmacological brain stimulation. This short review will explain the physiology of this technique, describe the basic and technical aspects of the method, and highlight some of the research as well as the.. clinical potential of optogenetics. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.