A century of Chinook salmon consumption by marine mammal predators in the Northeast Pacific Ocean
A century of Chinook salmon consumption by marine mammal predators in the Northeast Pacific Ocean
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ecoinf.2016.04.010
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发表时间：
2016-07-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Ward, Eric J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adams, Jesse;Kaplan, Isaac C.;Ward, Eric J.
随着许多海洋哺乳动物的数量在禁止捕捞后增加，人们越来越需要了解这些数量变化对沿海海洋生态系统的潜在影响。当同样的猎物也是商业渔业的目标时，量化猎物物种（如鱼）的消费量尤为重要。估计海洋哺乳动物捕食者对被捕食鱼类的影响取决于对海洋哺乳动物饮食组成的了解；上个世纪的科学进步提高了人们对饮食的理解，但也导致了不一致的方法，这给综合和比较的尝试带来了挑战。元分析技术提供了克服这些挑战的机会，但尚未广泛应用于合成海洋哺乳动物饮食的空间和时间。本文以东北太平洋的虎头海狮（Eumetopias jubatus）、加利福尼亚海狮（Zalophus californianus）、斑海豹（Phoca vitulina）和虎鲸（Orcinus orca）四种海洋哺乳动物为研究对象，对奇努克王鲑（Oncorhynchus tshawytscha）的饮食进行了综合研究。我们还强调了几个简单的荟萃分析，这些类型的饮食数据库可能被使用。我们组装的数据库包含bbbb330条记录，跨度超过100年。结果表明，在虎鲸研究中，奇努克鲑鱼的出现频率（63%）高于鳍状鱼研究(
As many marine mammal populations have increased following bans on their harvest, there has been a growing need to understand potential impacts of these population changes on coastal marine ecosystems. Quantifying consumption of prey species, such as fish, is particularly important when those same prey are also targeted by commercial fisheries. Estimating the impact of marine mammal predators on prey fish depends upon knowledge of marine mammal diet composition; scientific advances over the last century have improved understanding of diets but have also led to inconsistent methods that challenge attempts at synthesis and comparison. Meta analysis techniques offer the opportunity to overcome such challenges, yet have not been widely applied to synthesize marine mammal diets over space and time. As a case study, we focus on synthesizing diet studies of Chinook (king) salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) by four species of marine mammal predators in the Northeast Pacific Ocean: Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus), California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), harbor seals (Phoca vitulina), and killer whales (Orcinus orca). We also highlight several simple meta-analyses for which these types of diet databases may be employed. Our assembled database consists of >330 records, spanning more than 100 years. Results indicate that the frequency of occurrence of Chinook salmon in killer whale studies is high (63%) relative to pinniped studies (