Stability and change in adult intelligence: 2. Simultaneous analysis of longitudinal means and covariance structures.
Stability and change in adult intelligence: 2. Simultaneous analysis of longitudinal means and covariance structures.
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成人智力的稳定性和变化：2.纵向均值和协方差结构的同时分析。
DOI：
10.1037//0882-7974.3.2.122
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发表时间：
1988
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Schaie,KW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hertzog,C;Schaie,KW
我们分析了西雅图纵向研究的心理智力数据，同时估计了纵向因素、它们的协方差结构和平均水平。瑟斯通初级心理能力分项测试的 5 项数据涉及 412 名成年人，首次测试时年龄为 22-70 岁，每 7 年测试 3 次。之前的纵向因素分析显示，三个成人年龄组的一般智力个体差异（协方差稳定性）具有高度稳定性。我们扩展了该模型来估计因子均值。所有三个年龄组均表现出高水平的协方差稳定性，但其平均分布差异很大。年轻组的一般智力水平不断上升，中年组的智力水平稳定，而老年组则表现出显着的、近似线性的下降。中年时期的稳定模式，随后是老年期的平均下降和高协方差稳定性，表明一般智力从稳定模式到下降模式的规范发展转变，拐点出现在 60 岁左右。
We analyzed data on psychometric intelligence from the Seattle Longitudinal Study, simultaneously estimating longitudinal factors, their covariance structure, and their mean levels. Data on five Thurstone Primary Mental Abilities subtests were available for 412 adults, ages 22–70 at first test, who were tested three times at 7-year intervals. A previous longitudinal factor analysis had shown high stability of individual differences (covariance stability) in general intelligence for three adult age groups. We extended that model to estimate factor means. All three age groups showed high levels of covariance stability, but differed sharply in their mean profiles. The young group showed increasing levels of general intelligence, the middle-aged group had stable levels of intelligence, and the old group showed salient, approximately linear, decline. The patterns of stability in middle-age, followed by mean decline and high covariance stability in old age, suggest a normative developmental transition from a stability pattern to a decline pattern of general intelligence, with the inflection point occuring somewhere around age 60.