ZINC COORDINATION, FUNCTION, AND STRUCTURE OF ZINC ENZYMES AND OTHER PROTEINS
ZINC COORDINATION, FUNCTION, AND STRUCTURE OF ZINC ENZYMES AND OTHER PROTEINS
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DOI：
10.1021/bi00476a001
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发表时间：
1990-06-19
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
AULD, DS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
VALLEE, BL;AULD, DS
哈佛医学院生物化学和生物物理科学与医学中心和病理学系以及布里格姆妇女医院，250 Longwood Avenue，Boston，马萨诸塞州02115接收于1990年3月30日;修订的Mandarin pt接收于1990年4月18日。已发现它是所有门的不同物种中近300种酶的组成部分，对其功能不可或缺，包括所有主要代谢物的合成和/或降解。在酶的分离和表征以及金属分析方面的进展是该领域快速发展的基础。现在，在纳克蛋白质中测量皮克锌的能力已经很普遍，对生物物质的这种分析已经不再是一个问题（Vallee，1988年; Riordan和Vallee，1988年）。大约十年前，锌在基因表达中的作用开始引起人们的兴趣（Vallee，1977 a，B; Vallee & Falchuk，1981; Hanas et al.，1983年），这一领域最近得到了广泛的关注。除了在催化和基因表达中的作用外，锌还稳定蛋白质和核酸的结构，保持亚细胞器的完整性，参与运输过程，并在病毒和免疫现象中发挥重要作用（Vallee & Auld，1990 a）。锌的营养重要性引起了人们对其缺乏和毒性的病理学和临床后果的关注（Vallee，1986）。对锌的生物发生和作用的看法不仅应该寻求现在显而易见的概括，而且还应该引起人们对锌参与代谢过程的关注，其基础还有待解释。因此，我们将强调过去二十年的突出成就，主要是通过锌酶的研究，同时提请注意迫切但未回答的问题，锌在金属硫蛋白和DNA结合蛋白的功能。我们将首先考虑12种锌酶，它们的晶体结构是已知的，现在是催化活性和结构锌位点的参考标准。在所有这些
Center for Biochemical and Biophysical Sciences andMedicine and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical Schooland Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 Received March 30, 1990; Revised Manuscript Received April 18, 1990 r^ J'mc is an essential component of many enzymes involved in virtually all aspects of metabolism. It has been found to be an integral component of nearly 300 enzymes in different species of all phyla, indispensable to their functions, which encompass the synthesis and/or degradation of all major metabolites. Advances in the isolation and characterization of enzymes and analysis of metals were basic to the rapid growth of the field. The capacity to measure picograms of zinc in nanograms of proteins is now widespread, and such analyses of biological matter have ceased to be a problem (Vallee, 1988; Riordan & Vallee, 1988). About a decade ago, the role of zinc in gene expression began to attract interest (Vallee, 1977a, b; Vallee & Falchuk, 1981; Hanas et al., 1983) and this field has recently gained wide attention. In addition to its roles in catalysis and gene expression, zinc stabilizes the structure of proteins and nucleic acids, preserves the integrity of subcellular organelles, participates in transport processes, and plays important roles in viral and immune phenomena (Vallee & Auld, 1990a). Its nutritional essentiality has focused attention on the pathology and clinical consequences of both its deficiency and toxicity (Vallee, 1986).A perspective on the biological occurrence and role of zinc should not only seek outthe generalizations that are now apparent but should also call attention to the participation of zinc in metabolic processes, the bases of which have yet to be explained. We shall therefore highlight the salient accom-plishments of the past two decades, achieved primarily through the study of zinc enzymes, while calling attention to the urgent but unanswered questions regarding the functions of zinc in metallothionein and DNA-binding proteins. We will first consider the 12 zinc enzymes whose crystal structures are known and are now the standards of reference for catalytically active and structural zinc sites. In all of these