The use of indigenous plant species and calcium phosphate for the stabilization of highly metal-polluted sites in southern Poland
The use of indigenous plant species and calcium phosphate for the stabilization of highly metal-polluted sites in southern Poland
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DOI：
10.1007/s11104-004-8068-6
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发表时间：
2005-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Krzyzak, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kucharski, R;Sas-Nowosielska, A;Krzyzak, J
高度金属污染（铅，镉，锌）土壤从有色金属矿山和冶炼厂在波兰南部，进一步称为“Warynski”土壤，被用来测试本地植物物种的土壤中重金属的稳定效果。与商业上可获得的植物品种的试点调查结果表明，这些品种不能在这种高度污染的土壤中生长，即使与土壤改良剂的应用，以稳定的重金属。基于这些结果，中围生态系统和现场实验与土著，耐金属生态型Deschampsia cespitosa从Warynski网站进行。围隔实验表明，应用磷酸钙（3.8% w/w）作为重金属稳定的修正剂减少镉和锌浓度分别在渗滤液中的2和3倍，而铅含量没有显着变化。淋滤液中重金属含量的降低与Pb、Cd和Zn在根和地上部的累积量降低有关。丛生型（ecotype Warynski）。在田间试验中，较低的积累量的根和地上部和地上部中的补充剂添加地块的镉和锌观察在第二年的调查。在第一个生长季，D.与没有磷酸钙的中围生态系统中的10%相比，在改良剂富集的中围生态系统中的丛生植物覆盖范围为95%至100%。在实验的第二年，在未添加营养物质的围隔生态系统D。cespitosa用Cardaminopsis arenosa（95%覆盖率）代替。C. arenosa是植物稳定化的不希望的物种，因为它在其芽中积累了大量的锌和镉，即使它在未改良的土壤中提供了更好的生长覆盖。而在改良的围隔生态系统中，土壤表层被D.但仍然很高（90%）。在田间试验中也得到了类似的结果。在土壤中添加磷酸钙也能产生良好的D。丛生根系统的发展相比，土壤没有修正。在改良的围隔生态系统中，高植物覆盖和根系发育显着降低了渗滤液的体积，提高了保水性。这些结果表明，D. cespitosa，生态型Warynski与磷酸钙作为重金属固定剂相结合，足以恢复高度重金属污染的土壤茂密的植被覆盖。
Highly metal-polluted (Pb, Cd, Zn) soil from a non-ferrous mine and smelter site in southern Poland, further referred to as "Warynski" soil, was used to test indigenous plant species for stabilization effectiveness of heavy metals in soils. Results of pilot investigations with commercially available cultivars of plant species showed that these cultivars could not grow on this highly polluted soil even with the application of soil amendments to stabilize the heavy metals. Based on these results, mesocosm and field experiments with an indigenous, metal-tolerant ecotype of Deschampsia cespitosa from the Warynski site were carried out. The mesocosm experiment showed that applications of calcium phosphate (3.8% w/w) as a heavy metal-stabilizing amendment decreased Cd and Zn concentrations 2 and 3-fold respectively in leachates, whereas lead content was not significantly changed. This decrease in the concentration of heavy metals in leachates was correlated with a lower accumulation of Pb, Cd and Zn in the roots and shoots of D. cespitosa, ecotype Warynski. In the field experiment, lower accumulations of Cd in roots and shoots and Zn in shoots in the amendment added plot were observed during the second year of investigations. In the first growing season, D. cespitosa plant cover in the amendment enriched mesocosms ranged from 95 to 100%, compared to 10% in mesocosms without calcium phosphate. In the second year of the experiment, in non-amendment enriched mesocosms D. cespitosa was substituted with Cardaminopsis arenosa (95% cover). C. arenosa is an undesirable species for phytostabilization, as it accumulates high amounts of zinc and cadmium in its shoots, even thought it provided better growth cover in not amended soils. However, in amended mesocosms, soil surface cover by D. cespitosa was still very high (90%). Similar results were obtained in field experiments. Addition of calcium phosphate to the soil also resulted in excellent D. cespitosa root system development when compared to soils without amendment. In amended mesocosms, high plant cover and root system development significantly decreased the volume of leachates and improved water retention. These results indicate that the use of D. cespitosa, ecotype Warynski in combination with calcium phosphate as a heavy metals immobilizing agent is sufficient to restore a dense vegetative cover to highly heavy metal-polluted soil.