Archaea on the move
Archaea on the move
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DOI：
10.1111/1758-2229.12281
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发表时间：
2015-06-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Boyd, Eric S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boyd, Eric S.
趋化性，即感知和响应环境刺激的能力，使微生物能够在自然系统中驾驭化学和物理梯度。微生物可以感受到的化学刺激包括pH和渗透压的变化以及毒素和氧气的浓度，而微生物感受到的物理刺激包括光的强度和波长(Wadhams和Armitage，2004)。最近，水遗传营养微生物已被证明能够感知氢的浓度(Brileya等人，2013年)。感知环境的能力是通过简单的单组件(Ulrich等人，2005年)和更复杂的双组件信号转导系统(Stock等人，2000年)实现的。单分量和双分量信号转导系统之间的一个关键区别是检测到的信号的位置。单组分系统被认为主要作用于检测细胞质信号，而双组分系统被认为检测细胞外信号(WUICHET和朱林，2010)。单组分系统由单个蛋白质组成，该蛋白质通常包括一个感觉结构域和一个调节域，而双组分系统由两个保守的蛋白质组成：一个传感器和一个反应调节器。
Chemotaxis, the ability to sense and respond to environmental stimuli, allows microorganisms to navigate chemical and physical gradients in natural systems. Chemical stimuli that can be sensed by microorganisms include variations in pH and osmolarity as well as concentrations of toxins and oxygen, whereas physical stimuli sensed by microorganisms include the intensity and wavelength of light (Wadhams and Armitage, 2004). More recently, hydrogenotrophic microorganisms have been shown to be able to sense the concentration of hydrogen (Brileya et al., 2013). The ability to sense the environment is made possible by simple one-component (Ulrich etal., 2005) and more complex two-component signal transduction systems (Stock et al., 2000). A key difference between one-and two-component signal transduction systems is the location of the signals that are detected. One-component systems are thought to function primarily in detecting cytoplasmic signals, whereas two-component systems are thought to detect extracellular signals (Wuichet and Zhulin, 2010). One-component systems consist of a single protein that typically comprises a sensory and a regulatory domain, whereas two-component systems comprise two conserved proteins: a sensor and a response regulator.