Manganese toxicity in a Hawaiian oxisol affected by soil pH and organic amendments
Manganese toxicity in a Hawaiian oxisol affected by soil pH and organic amendments
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DOI：
10.2136/sssaj2001.651153x
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发表时间：
2001-01-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Silva, JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hue, NV;Vega, S;Silva, JA
锰的毒性对生长在夏威夷酸性土壤上的许多作物是一个严重的限制。为了制定管理策略来处理锰问题，进行了四个实验。首先，为了研究土壤pH效应，在高Mn Oxisol（Wahiawa系列）中使用Ca（OH）（2）（石灰）和CaSO（4）的组合建立了4.7（未改良）至6.0的pH梯度。2 H（2）O（石膏）;大豆[Glycine max（L.）Merr. CV. Kahala]作为试验作物种植。其次，随后评估了Ca，特别是SO（4）对改善大豆Mn毒害的影响。第三，土壤锰溶解度的有机分子进行了研究，在实验室中作为一个功能的化学结构，pH值，和平衡时间。第四，将Wahiawa土壤中施用5和10 g kg（-1）的绿色肥料和生物固体的大豆反应与未添加的对照和CaCO（3）处理进行比较。锰浓度的饱和糊状提取物的第一个实验增加了100倍，每个pH值单位下降。石膏和石灰的组合是更有效地纠正锰毒性比单独的修正案。大豆生长与叶片Ca/Mn比的相关性比与叶片Mn浓度的相关性好。SO（4）浓度的增加减轻了锰的毒性。邻位或SH基团中含有OH-OH的有机分子或离子，如邻苯二酚、单宁酸和半胱氨酸，比不含这些官能团的分子或离子更有效地溶解土壤Mn。施用绿色肥料和生物固体一般增加锰毒性。
Manganese toxicity is a serious constraint to many crops grown on acid soils in Hawaii. To develop management strategies to deal with the Mn problem, four experiments were conducted. First, to study soil pH effect, a pH gradient from 4.7 (unamended) to 6.0 was established in a high-Mn Oxisol (Wahiawa series), using combinations of Ca(OH)(2) (lime) and CaSO(4). 2H(2)O (gypsum); soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Kahala] was grown as a test crop. Second, effects of Ca, and particularly SO(4), on ameliorating Mn toxicity to soybean were subsequently evaluated. Third, soil Mn solubility by organic molecules was studied in the laboratory as a function of chemical structure, pH, and equilibration time. Fourth, soybean responses to green manure and biosolids applied at 5 and 10 g kg(-1) to the Wahiawa soil were compared with those of the unamended control and CaCO(3) treatments. Manganese concentration in the saturated paste extract of the first experiment increased 100-fold for each pH unit decrease. A combination of gypsum and lime was more effective in correcting Mn toxicity than either amendment alone. Soybean growth was better correlated with leaf Ca/Mn ratio than with leaf Mn concentration. Increased SO(4) concentration alleviated Mn toxicity. Organic molecules or ions containing OH-OH in the ortho position or SH groups, such as catechol, tannic acid, and cysteine, were more effective in dissolving soil Mn than molecules or ions not containing these functional groups. Application of green manure and biosolids generally increased Mn toxicity.