Spirits as ‘ready to hand’
Spirits as ‘ready to hand’
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烈酒“随时可用”
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Willerslev
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Willerslev
Upper Kolyma Yukaghirs是西伯利亚东北部的一小群土著猎人，他们很少给精灵命名，也没有整齐有序的分类系统。我提出了一个论点，将其与尤卡吉尔经验的本质联系起来，超越了学术上普遍认为的知识是语言表征或认知的问题，而是关注事物在人们日常活动的变化中发生的方式。此外，根据认知科学的最新发现，概念可以并且确实独立于语言而存在，并且梦与清醒的生活共享基本的认知结构和过程，我认为，在孩子们学会说话之前，他们可能会通过梦的经历发展出精神的原型概念。在这种情况下，语言对于精神存在的概念性思考就不是必不可少的了。
The Upper Kolyma Yukaghirs, a small group of indigenous hunters in north-eastern Siberia, rarely give names to spirits and have no neatly ordered system of classification. I develop an argument that relates this to the nature of Yukaghir experience, going beyond the academically widespread view of knowledge as a matter of linguistic representations or cognition and focusing instead on the way things occur in the flux of people’s everyday activities. Moreover, drawing on recent findings within cognitive science, which show that concepts can and do exist independently of language, and that dreaming shares basic cognitive structures and processes with waking life, I suggest that it is possible that children, before they learn to talk, could develop prototypical concepts of spirits through dream experiences. In this case, language would not be essential for conceptual thought about spiritual beings.