Effect of pesticide exposure on acetylcholinesterase activity in subsistence farmers from Campeche, Mexico
Effect of pesticide exposure on acetylcholinesterase activity in subsistence farmers from Campeche, Mexico
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DOI：
10.3200/aeoh.59.8.418-425
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发表时间：
2004-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Guilhermino, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Von Osten, JR;Epomex, C;Guilhermino, L
作者调查了墨西哥坎佩切4个农村社区的自给农民（campesinos）的农业生产方法和农药使用情况。通过问卷调查（N = 121）引起的中毒症状的自我报告，乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）活性在杀虫剂使用过程中进行了评价，从血液样本（N = 127）。在4个群落中的2个群落中，AChE活性显著低于（p < 0.05）参考群体中个体的平均活性。这项研究的结果表明，红细胞乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制提供了一个很好的生物标志物暴露于有机磷农药的实地研究与人群。氨基甲酸酯，特别是克百威，似乎与农药接触的丰富和多样化的生物学比有机磷更相关。在怀疑存在氨基甲酸盐和有机磷的实地社区进行的研究应包括血液乙酰胆碱酯酶测定、生殖学调查和社会经济调查问卷。作者建议墨西哥国家卫生部当局详细说明有关使用防护设备和在野外工作中采用其他安全做法的额外规定，增加有关农药使用风险和安全做法价值的宣传活动，并增加对处理农药的农村社区的医疗监测和援助计划。
The authors surveyed agricultural production methods and pesticide use among subsistence farmers (campesinos) in 4 rural communities of Campeche, Mexico. Self-reports of symptoms of poisoning resulting from occupational pesticide exposure were elicited by questionnaire (N = 121), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity during insecticide use was evaluated from blood samples (N = 127). In individuals from 2 of the 4 communities, AChE activity was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the mean of activity determined for individuals in a reference group. Results of this study show that erythrocyte AChE inhibition provides a good biomarker of exposure to organophosphate pesticides in field studies with human populations. Carbamates, particularly carbofuran, seem to be more associated with exuberant and diversified symptomatology of pesticide exposure than organophosphates. Studies in field communities where both carbamates and organophosphates are suspected to exist should include blood AChE determinations, symptomatology surveys, and socioeconomic questionnaires. The authors recommend that the Mexican National Health Ministry authorities specify additional provisions regarding the use of protective equipment and the adoption of other safety practices during field work, increase information campaigns about the risks of pesticide use and the value of safety practices, and increase programs of medical monitoring and assistance for rural communities dealing with pesticides.