Does Collective Interest or Self-Interest Motivate Mask Usage as a Preventive Measure Against COVID-19?
Does Collective Interest or Self-Interest Motivate Mask Usage as a Preventive Measure Against COVID-19?
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DOI：
10.1017/s0008423920000475
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发表时间：
2020-05-14
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Savoie J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
van der Linden C;Savoie J
公共卫生官员修订的口罩指导意见是迄今为止最重大的COVID-19政策逆转之一。在大流行开始时发表的声明，包括世界卫生组织（世卫组织）、美国卫生局局长和加拿大首席公共卫生官的声明，都积极劝阻无症状的普通公众佩戴口罩。然而，2020年4月3日，美国疾病控制和预防中心（CDC）发布了新的建议，呼吁在其他社交距离措施难以维持的公共场所佩戴非医用口罩，如布质面罩（亚当斯，2020）。加拿大公共卫生官员迅速跟进了他们自己的关于在公共场合佩戴非医用口罩或面部覆盖物的指导;然而，他们强调，对于无症状者来说，这样做是可选的，应该被视为对现有预防措施的补充，如物理距离和手部卫生，特别是在物理距离可能不可行的情况下（加拿大公共卫生署，2020）。重点放在非医用口罩上，它不是用来保护佩戴者，而是用来保护佩戴者附近的其他人。加拿大首席公共卫生官员在推特上回应了她对此事的公开声明，“在公共场所佩戴非医用口罩尚未被证明可以为佩戴口罩的人提供任何保护，但它可以是防止感染者传播给他人的另一种方式。
The revised guidance on masks from public health officials has been one of the most significant COVID-19 policy reversals to date. Statements made at the outset of the pandemic, including those from the World Health Organization (WHO), the United States Surgeon General, and the Chief Public Health Officer of Canada, all actively discouraged asymptomatic members of the general public from wearing masks. However, on April 3, 2020, the United States Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued new recommendations that called for nonmedical masks, such as cloth face coverings, to be worn in public settings where other social distancing measures are difficult to maintain (Adams, 2020). Canadian public health officials quickly followed with their own guidance for wearing nonmedical masks or face coverings when out in public; however, they have stressed that doing so is optional for asymptomatic persons and should be seen as a complement to existing precautionary measures such as physical distancing and hand hygiene, particularly in cases where physical distancing may not be feasible (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2020). Emphasis was placed on nonmedical masks serving not to protect the wearer, but rather others who come within close proximity of the wearer. Echoing her public statements on the matter, Canada's chief public health officer Tweeted that “[w]earing a NON-MEDICAL mask in public settings has not been proven to add any protection TO the person wearing it, but it can be an additional way to prevent spread FROM an infected person to others” (Tam, 2020).