Widowhood and race
Widowhood and race
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DOI：
10.1177/000312240607100102
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发表时间：
2006-02-01
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
Christakis, NA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Elwert, F;Christakis, NA
婚姻状况对健康的影响在目前关于婚姻促进的辩论中经常被引用，但对婚姻健康影响如何在不同群体之间变化知之甚少。这篇文章汇集了美国最大、最具纵向和全国代表性的老年已婚夫妇数据集(N=410,272对夫妇)，并提供了强有力的证据，证明“丧偶效应”--配偶死亡如何增加幸存者的死亡率--因种族而有很大不同。作者发现，与白人结婚的白人遭受了巨大而持久的寡妇效应。相比之下，与黑人结婚的黑人不会受到明显的寡妇效应，这可能是因为他们设法将婚姻的生存优势延伸到寡妇身份。对于种族通婚的男性来说，妻子的种族似乎完全决定了寡妇效应的大小和存在，与丈夫自己的种族无关。这些结果可能是由于黑人和白人夫妇的婚姻文化和婚姻环境的差异造成的。更广泛地说，这些结果表明，社会关系对健康的影响取决于它们所联系的参与者的个人属性。
The health effects of marital status are frequently cited in the current debate on marriage promotion, but little is known about how marital health effects vary across groups. This article assembles the largest properly longitudinal and nationally representative dataset of elderly married couples in the United States (N = 410,2 72 couples) and provides strong evidence that the "widowhood effect"-how the death of a spouse increases the mortality of the survivor-varies substantially by race. The authors find that whites married to whites suffer a large and enduring widowhood effect. By contrast, blacks married to blacks do not suffer a detectable widowhood effect, possibly because they manage to extend the survival advantage of marriage into widowhood. For racially intermarried men, wife race appears to dominate the size and presence of the widowhood effect entirely, regardless of husband own race. These results likely arise from differences in the marital cultures and marital contexts of black and white couples. More generally, these results demonstrate that the health effects of social ties depend on the individual attributes of the actors they connect.