Accurate forced-choice recognition without awareness of memory retrieval
Accurate forced-choice recognition without awareness of memory retrieval
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DOI：
10.1101/lm.971208
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发表时间：
2008-06-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Paller, Ken A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Voss, Joel L.;Baym, Carol L.;Paller, Ken A.
在再认测验中，再认信心和记忆提取的外显意识通常伴随着准确反应。再认测验中的记忆表现被广泛认为是测量外显记忆，但这种假设的普遍性是值得怀疑的。事实上，非人类的识别是否总是由外显记忆支持，这是一个极具争议的问题。在这里，我们确定了高度准确的识别没有伴随外显记忆的标志性特征的情况。当记忆的万花筒进行了测试，使用两个替代的强迫选择识别测试与类似的箔，识别增强了注意力操纵编码已知的退化外显记忆。此外，外显再认在没有提取意识的情况下最准确。外显记忆的准确性和现象学特征之间的这些分离与以下概念是一致的：正确的反应是由特定刺激的知觉流畅性的经验依赖性增强引起的-内隐记忆测试中知觉启动效应的假定机制。这种机制可能有助于识别性能在各种频繁使用的测试环境。因此，我们的研究结果提出了一种新的再认观点，即对再认神经认知基础的分析必须考虑到（1）与内隐记忆相关的再认机制和（2）与外显记忆相关的再认机制。
Recognition confidence and the explicit awareness of memory retrieval commonly accompany accurate responding in recognition tests. Memory performance in recognition tests is widely assumed to measure explicit memory, but the generality of this assumption is questionable. Indeed, whether recognition in nonhumans is always supported by explicit memory is highly controversial. Here we identified circumstances wherein highly accurate recognition was unaccompanied by hallmark features of explicit memory. When memory for kaleidoscopes was tested using a two-alternative forced-choice recognition test with similar foils, recognition was enhanced by an attentional manipulation at encoding known to degrade explicit memory. Moreover, explicit recognition was most accurate when the awareness of retrieval was absent. These dissociations between accuracy and phenomenological features of explicit memory are consistent with the notion that correct responding resulted from experience-dependent enhancements of perceptual fluency with specific stimuli - the putative mechanism for perceptual priming effects in implicit memory tests. This mechanism may contribute to recognition performance in a variety of frequently-employed testing circumstances. Our results thus argue for a novel view of recognition, in that analyses of its neurocognitive foundations must take into account the potential for both (1) recognition mechanisms allied with implicit memory and (2) recognition mechanisms allied with explicit memory.