Matrix concentration inequalities and free probability

Matrix concentration inequalities and free probability
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矩阵集中不等式和自由概率

DOI:
10.1007/s00222-023-01204-6
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
3.1
通讯作者:
van Handel, Ramon
van Handel, Ramon
中科院分区:
数学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bandeira, Afonso S.;Boedihardjo, March T.;van Handel, Ramon

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非交换Khintchine不等式是研究非齐次随机矩阵的一个重要工具,它在一般高斯随机矩阵的谱范数上给出了一个非渐近界,其中独立的标准高斯变量和矩阵系数。当矩阵交换时,这个边界表现出对维度的对数依赖,但在存在非交换性时,通常被证明是次优的。在本文中,我们在任意高斯随机矩阵的谱上建立了可以捕获非交换性的非渐近界。这些界限量化了由自由概率论产生的非交换模型捕获的谱的程度。这种“内在自由”现象为研究经典随机矩阵理论方法所无法触及的各种问题提供了有力的工具。我们的非渐近界很容易应用于具体情况,并且在非交换Khintchine不等式是次优的例子中产生了明显的结果。当与线性化参数相结合时,我们的界暗示了对于一类非常一般的高斯随机矩阵模型的强渐近自由,这些模型可能非常稀疏,具有相关条目,并且缺乏任何特殊的对称性。当与通用性原理结合时,我们的界从高斯集合扩展到独立随机矩阵的一般和。
A central tool in the study of nonhomogeneous random matrices, the noncommutative Khintchine inequality, yields a nonasymptotic bound on the spectral norm of general Gaussian random matriceswhereare independent standard Gaussian variables andare matrix coefficients. This bound exhibits a logarithmic dependence on dimension that is sharp when the matricescommute, but often proves to be suboptimal in the presence of noncommutativity. In this paper, we develop nonasymptotic bounds on the spectrum of arbitrary Gaussian random matrices that can capture noncommutativity. These bounds quantify the degree to which the spectrum ofis captured by that of a noncommutative modelthat arises from free probability theory. This “intrinsic freeness” phenomenon provides a powerful tool for the study of various questions that are outside the reach of classical methods of random matrix theory. Our nonasymptotic bounds are easily applicable in concrete situations, and yield sharp results in examples where the noncommutative Khintchine inequality is suboptimal. When combined with a linearization argument, our bounds imply strong asymptotic freeness for a remarkably general class of Gaussian random matrix models that may be very sparse, have dependent entries, and lack any special symmetries. When combined with a universality principle, our bounds extend beyond the Gaussian setting to general sums of independent random matrices.
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