Hybridization, Introgression, and the Nature of Species Boundaries
Hybridization, Introgression, and the Nature of Species Boundaries
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DOI：
10.1093/jhered/esu033
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发表时间：
2014-09-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Larson, Erica L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harrison, Richard G.;Larson, Erica L.
物种可以被定义为可诊断为不同的、生殖隔离的、有凝聚力的或排他性的生物群体。同域物种之间的边界是由基因交换的内在障碍维持的;这些边界在空间、时间或整个基因组中可能不一致。在这里，我们探讨物种边界的性质，定义为表型/基因/基因组区域，在面对潜在的杂交和基因渗入时保持差异。我们强调物种边界是半渗透性的，渗透性（基因交换）是基因组区域的函数。半渗透性物种边界的早期证据来自杂交区的差异渐渗数据。这种物种的“基因观点”在杂交区文献中很常见，即使很少有分子标记可用于表征全基因组变异模式。现在，分子工具允许详细描述不同谱系之间的差异和自然杂交区的变异模式，但进化生物学家提出的问题仍然基本相同。最近的数据（从DNA序列和基因型）加强了早期的结论，大多数物种边界的半渗透性。然而，关于伴随物种形成的基因组差异的性质和程度的争论仍然存在。
Species can be defined as populations that are diagnosably distinct, reproductively isolated, cohesive, or exclusive groups of organisms. Boundaries between species in sympatry are maintained by intrinsic barriers to gene exchange; these boundaries may not be uniform in space, in time, or across the genome. Here, we explore the nature of the species boundary, defined as the phenotypes/genes/genome regions that remain differentiated in the face of potential hybridization and introgression. We emphasize that species boundaries are semipermeable, with permeability (gene exchange) being a function of genome region. The early evidence for semipermeable species boundaries came from data on differential introgression in hybrid zones. This "genic view" of species was common in the hybrid zone literature even when few molecular markers were available to characterize genome-wide patterns of variation. Now, molecular tools allow detailed characterization of differentiation between diverging lineages and patterns of variation across natural hybrid zones, but the questions being asked by evolutionary biologists have remained much the same. Recent data (from DNA sequences and genotypes) reinforce earlier conclusions about the semipermeable nature of most species boundaries. However, debate persists over the nature and extent of genome divergence that accompanies speciation.