The Impact of 1 Year of Healthier School Food Policies on Students' Diets During and Outside of the School Day
The Impact of 1 Year of Healthier School Food Policies on Students' Diets During and Outside of the School Day
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jand.2018.07.009
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发表时间：
2018-12-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Hoffman, Jessica A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cohen, Juliana F. W.;Gorski, Mary T.;Hoffman, Jessica A.
背景 2012 年，马萨诸塞州实施了更新的国家学校膳食标准和综合竞争性食品饮料标准，这些标准与当前国家对学校零食的要求紧密一致。 目的 本研究探讨了这些综合标准对学校膳食和零食选择以及校外食物选择的影响。此外，本研究还探讨了这些标准对营养消耗的影响。 设计 NOURISH（了解涉及学生健康的改革的营养机会）研究是一项在 2012 年春季至 2013 年春季在学生中进行的观察性队列研究。 参与者/环境 马萨诸塞州 12 所初中和高中的 160 名学生在实施之前（2012 年春季）和实施后（2013 年春季）完成了两次 24 小时回忆。更新的标准。主要结果指标检查了学校供餐、竞争性食物、课后零食选择以及校外营养消耗的变化。使用Logistic回归和混合模型方差分析进行统计分析来检查食物选择和消耗。结果实施后，选择学校供餐的学生增加了13.6%（70.1% vs 56.5%；P=0.02）。竞争性食品购买没有差异，但放学后食用不健康零食的数量显着减少（0.69 [标准误差 = 0.08] vs 1.02 [标准误差 = 0.10]；P = 0.009）。与实施前相比，实施后学生全天平均每天摄入的糖量减少了 22 克（86 克 vs 108 克；P=0.002）。结论 随着不健康学校零食数量的减少，选择学校餐的学生明显增多。学生并没有通过增加校外不健康零食的消费来弥补学校内不健康零食的缺乏。这提供了重要的新证据，表明国家学校膳食和零食政策可以改善日常饮食质量，并且应该保持强劲。
Background In 2012, Massachusetts implemented both the updated national school meal standards and comprehensive competitive food beverage standards that closely align with current national requirements for school snacks.Objectives This study examines the impact of these combined standards on school meal and snack food selections, as well as food choices outside of school. In addition, this study examines the impact of these standards on nutrients consumed.Design The NOURISH (Nutrition Opportunities to Understand Reforms Involving Student Health) Study was an observational cohort study conducted among students from spring 2012 to spring 2013.Participants/setting One hundred sixty students in 12 middle schools and high schools in Massachusetts completed two 24-hour recalls before (spring 2012) and after implementation (spring 2013) of the updated standards.Main outcome measures Changes in school meals, competitive food, and after-school snack selection, as well as nutrients consumed outside of school were examined.Statistical analyses performed Logistic regression and mixed-model analysis of variance were used to examine food selection and consumption.Results After implementation, 13.6% more students chose a school meal (70.1% vs 56.5%; P=0.02). There were no differences in competitive food purchases but a significant decrease in the number of after-school unhealthy snacks consumed (0.69 [standard error=0.08] vs 1.02 [standard error=0.10]; P=0.009). During the entire day, students consumed, on average, 22 fewer grams of sugar daily after implementation compared with before implementation (86 g vs 108 g; P=0.002).Conclusions With the reduction in the number of unhealthy school snacks, significantly more students selected school meals. Students did not compensate for lack of unhealthy snacks in school by increased consumption of unhealthy snacks outside of school. This provides important new evidence that both national school meal and snack policies may improve daily diet quality and should remain strong.