Auditory patterns
Auditory patterns
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DOI：
10.1103/revmodphys.12.47
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发表时间：
1940-01-01
影响因子：
44.1
通讯作者：
Fletcher, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fletcher, H
在过去的二十年里，人们在理解当我们感知声音时发生的听觉过程方面取得了相当大的进展。在无线电和声像技术方面取得如此巨大发展的那些手段，在很大程度上也是这一进步的原因。为了理解这个问题，我们首先需要知道如何描述和测量到达耳朵的声音;然后我们需要知道如何描述和测量这种声音在听者身上产生的听觉感觉。为了定量地做这件事，我们还必须知道听者所拥有的听觉能力的程度和种类。这是这三个阶段的问题，本文处理。纯音可以通过给出听者头部所处位置处的振动强度、频率和相位来物理地定义。准确地说，这个位置被认为是连接两个耳朵的线的中间。当然，测量是在头部处于这个倾听位置之前进行的。然后，听众面对声音的来源。通过将头部引入该位置而产生的声波的任何修改被认为是由听觉机制产生的修改。相位的变化通常不会被听众注意到，所以对于大多数作品来说，只给出了强度和频率。一个纯音由两个坐标，强度I和频率f来确定。在大多数关于纯音的实验工作中，都奋进使用自由行波或其等价物，即没有反射波的行波。在这种情况下，如果
URING the last two decades considerable progress has been made in understanding the hearing processes taking place when we sense a sound. The application of the same instrumentalities that have brought such a wonderful development in the radio and sound pictures to this problem is largely responsible for this progress. Such instrumentalities have made it possible to make accurate measurements which are the basis for understanding any physical process.To understand this problem then v e need to know first how to describe and measure the sound reaching the ears; then we need to know how to describe and measure the sensations of hearing produced by such a sound upon a listener. To do this quantitatively we must also know the degree and kind of hearing ability possessed by the listener. It is with these three phases of the problem that this paper deals. A pure tone can be defined physically by giving the intensity, the frequency and the phase of vibration at the position where the head of the listener is to be placed. To be precise, this position is taken as the middle of a line con-necting the two ears. The measurement of course is made before the head is placed in this listening position. Then the listener faces the source of sound. Any modifications of the sound wave produced by introducing the head to this position are considered as modifications produced by the hearing mechanism. The phase changes are usually unnoticed bythe listener, so for most work only the intensity and the frequency are given. A pure tone then is specified by the two coordinates, intensity Iand frequency f. In most experimental work on pure tones an endeavor is made to use a free progressive wave or its equivalent, that is, one which is free from re-Hected waves. Under such circumstances, if Iis