Causal discounting in the presence of a stronger cue is due to bias
Causal discounting in the presence of a stronger cue is due to bias
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DOI：
10.3758/pbr.17.2.213
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发表时间：
2010-04-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Markman, Arthur B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Laux, Jeffrey P.;Goedert, Kelly M.;Markman, Arthur B.
人们利用假定的原因和结果之间的共变信息来确定因果关系是否成立。当有两个候选原因，其中一个与结果的关系比另一个更强时，第二个原因的影响被低估了。这种现象被称为因果贴现。在两个实验中，我们采用了研究因果学习的范式，以便将信号检测分析应用于这一现象。我们调查了一个更强的选择是否会使任务变得更困难（用d'的差异来表示），或者人们是否改变了他们评估因果关系的标准（用beta来衡量）。我们的结果表明，这种效应是由偏倚引起的。
People use information about the covariation between a putative cause and an outcome to determine whether a causal relationship obtains. When there are two candidate causes and one is more strongly related to the effect than is the other, the influence of the second is underestimated. This phenomenon is called causal discounting. In two experiments, we adapted paradigms for studying causal learning in order to apply signal detection analysis to this phenomenon. We investigated whether the presence of a stronger alternative makes the task more difficult (indexed by differences in d') or whether people change the standard by which they assess causality (measured by beta). Our results indicate that the effect is due to bias.