Widening the Net
Widening the Net
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扩大网络
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Levenson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Harris;Christopher Lobanov;J. Levenson
随着 2006 年《亚当·沃尔什儿童保护和安全法案》(AWA) 的通过，美国国会制定了一系列最低标准来管理全国性犯罪者登记和通知 (SORN) 系统的运作。其中许多标准都是基于 AWA 的统一登记者分类系统，该系统仅根据犯罪历史和定罪犯罪的性质来区分登记者，而不考虑其他风险因素。目前的研究评估了联邦登记分类系统对州性犯罪者登记处个人分布的影响，特别借鉴了俄亥俄州和俄克拉荷马州的经验，这两个州是根据新的联邦指导方针首批对其登记人口进行重新分类的两个州。研究结果表明，联邦重新分类过程将注册者从较低的 SORN 级别重新分配到较高的 SORN 级别，并揭示了新重新分类的“高风险”个人与先前注册分类系统中指定为高风险的个人之间存在统计显着差异。调查结果还表明，青少年和可能受到 AWA 追溯条款约束的人可能不成比例地被置于最高 SORN 层级。讨论了这些发现对实践和公共政策的影响。
With the 2006 passage of the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act (AWA), the U.S. Congress set forth a range of minimum standards governing the operation of sex offender registration and notification (SORN) systems throughout the nation. Many of these standards are based on the AWA’s uniform system of registrant classification, which distinguishes registrants solely based on offense history and the nature of the conviction offense, without regard for additional risk factors. The current study evaluates the impact of the federal registration classification system on the distribution of individuals within state sex offender registries, specifically drawing on the experiences of Ohio and Oklahoma, two of the first states to undertake a reclassification of their registrant populations under the new federal guidelines. The findings indicate that the federal reclassification process produces a redistribution of registrants from lower SORN levels to higher ones and reveals statistically significant differences between newly reclassified “high-risk” individuals and those designated as high risk under prior registration classification systems. Findings also suggest that juveniles and those potentially subject to AWA’s retroactivity provisions may be disproportionately placed into the highest SORN tiers. Implications of these findings for practice and public policy are discussed.