How Much Observation Is Enough? Refining the Administration of SOPARC
How Much Observation Is Enough? Refining the Administration of SOPARC
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DOI：
10.1123/jpah.8.8.1117
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发表时间：
2011-11-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
McKenzie, Thomas L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cohen, Deborah A.;Setodji, Claude;McKenzie, Thomas L.
背景：社区游戏和娱乐系统观察 (SOPARC) 旨在通过每周 7 天、每天 4 次的评估来估计使用社区公园的人数和特征。我们测试了这个时间表是否足够，并确定了对公园用户特征及其身体活动水平提供可靠估计所需的最少观察次数。方法：我们在夏季 1 周和秋季 1 周期间，每小时对 10 个城市社区公园进行观测，每天观测 14 小时：加利福尼亚州洛杉矶各 2 个；加利福尼亚州各 2 个；新墨西哥州阿尔伯克基；俄亥俄州哥伦布；北卡罗来纳州达勒姆；和宾夕法尼亚州费城。我们按性别、年龄组、明显种族/民族和活动水平对公园用户进行了统计。我们使用标准化的 Cronbach's alpha 和类内相关系数来测试使用较少观测值的可靠性。结果：我们观察到 76,632 人，平均每个公园每天 547 人（范围 155-786）。观察者间的可靠性范围为 0.80 至 0.99。要获得对公园用户特征及其身体活动的可靠估计，需要制定每周 4 天、每天 4 次的时间表。结论：SOPARC 的简化时间表足以估算公园使用情况、公园用户特征和身体活动。应用这些观察方法可以增强身体活动监测。
Background: The Systematic Observation of Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) was designed to estimate the number and characteristics of people using neighborhood parks by assessing them 4 times/day, 7 days/week. We tested whether this schedule was adequate and determined the minimum number of observations necessary to provide a robust estimate of park user characteristics and their physical activity levels. Methods: We conducted observations every hour for 14 hours per day during 1 summer and 1 autumn week in 10 urban neighborhood parks: 2 each in Los Angeles, CA; Albuquerque, NM; Columbus, OH; Durham, NC; and Philadelphia, PA. We counted park users by gender, age group, apparent race/ethnicity, and activity level. We used a standardized Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients to test the reliability of using fewer observations. Results: We observed 76,632 individuals, an average of 547/park/day (range 155-786). Interobserver reliability ranged from 0.80 to 0.99. Obtaining a robust estimate of park user characteristics and their physical activity required a schedule of 4 days/week, 4 times/day. Conclusion: An abbreviated schedule of SOPARC was sufficient for estimating park use, park user characteristics, and physical activity. Applying these observation methods can augment physical activity surveillance.