Reconstructing Heritage in the Aftermath of Civil War: Re-Visioning the Nation and the Implications of International Involvement
Reconstructing Heritage in the Aftermath of Civil War: Re-Visioning the Nation and the Implications of International Involvement
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内战后重建遗产：重新审视国家和国际参与的影响
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发表时间：
2013
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Dacia Viejo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dacia Viejo
摘要文化是冲突后恢复进程中不可或缺的资产；然而，它也可以被用作在象征性和意识形态层面上继续实施暴力的手段，特别是在内战的情况下。在重建范式中，这种暴力往往以围绕历史、记忆、遗产和身份的斗争的形式出现。尽管冲突因具体情况而有所不同，但冲突的后果确实保留了一些共同因素--例如强调重新展望历史和重新定义国家认同。本文考察了三个问题：指导选择重建什么的意向性，由此产生的象征性景观，以及第三方干预文化遗产重建所产生的伦理问题。围绕重建项目的言辞与当地的现实大相径庭，我认为，重要的是要了解这一点，以便评估重建对和解、身份认同和国家建设努力的影响。本文还探讨了冲突后重建文化遗产所涉及的一些伦理问题，包括与“人类遗产”相关的国际价值观的作用及其可能与当地文化遗产评估的冲突。这一领域的研究正变得越来越紧迫。国际组织加大了对冲突后重建工作的参与，在这些干预行动中，它们往往在没有充分认识到其行动可能产生的长期后果的情况下，将其独特的价值观强加于脆弱的社会。
Abstract Culture is an indispensable asset in post-conflict recovery processes; however, it can also be used as a means of continuing violence on a symbolic and ideological level, particularly in the case of civil wars. In a reconstruction paradigm this violence often takes the form of struggles over history, memory, heritage, and identity. Despite the context-specific differences of conflicts, their aftermaths do retain some common elements—such as an emphasis on re-envisioning history and re-defining national identity. This article examines three issues: the intentionality guiding choices about what to rebuild, the symbolic landscape that emerges as a result, and the ethical issues that arise from third party intervention in the reconstruction of cultural heritage. The rhetoric that surrounds reconstruction projects differs widely from the reality on the ground and I will argue that it is important to understand this in order to assess the impact that reconstruction can have on attempts at reconciliation, identity and state-building. This article also examines some of the ethical issues involved in the post-conflict reconstruction of cultural heritage including the role of international values associated to ‘heritage of mankind’ and their possible conflict with local valuations of cultural heritage. This area of study is becoming increasingly urgent. International organizations have escalated their involvement in post-conflict reconstruction work and in these interventions they impress their particular code of values on fragile societies often without a full appreciation of the possible long-term consequences of their actions.