International Institutions and Workers’ Rights: Between Labor Standards and Market Flexibility
International Institutions and Workers’ Rights: Between Labor Standards and Market Flexibility
复制标题
国际机构与工人权利：劳工标准与市场灵活性之间
DOI：
10.1007/s12116-010-9064-x
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
T. Caraway
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Anner;T. Caraway
国际货币基金组织和世界银行等国际金融机构经常利用它们通过贷款机制提供的杠杆来要求国内劳动力市场的灵活性。与此同时，自1998年以来，国际劳工组织呼吁在全球经济中尊重核心劳工标准(CLS)的呼声越来越被接受。劳工组织特别强调认可结社自由和集体谈判的《公约》，因为这些是能够行使其他权利的集体权利。虽然国际金融机构总体上坚持自由市场原则，但新的研究结果和国际压力导致IMF和世界银行对核心劳工标准的想法更加开放。执行工作往往滞后，但已经取得了一些进展。这包括世界银行承诺通过其私营部门贷款部门确保对CLS的尊重。还有待观察的是，这些政策转变是否会导致对劳工标准的更大尊重，或者继续进行市场化改革是否会进一步削弱劳工的集体力量，为未来的抵抗带来新的挑战。
International financial institutions (IFIs) like the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank often have used the leverage afforded them through their loan mechanisms to demand domestic labor market flexibility. At the same time, the International Labour Organization’s call to respect Core Labor Standards (CLS) in the global economy has increasingly gained acceptance since 1998. CLS that sanction freedom of association and collective bargaining have been particularly emphasized by the ILO since these are collective rights that enable the exercise of other rights. While IFIs have generally held to free market principles, new research findings and international pressure has led the IMF and World Bank to be more open to the idea of core labor standards. Implementation has often lagged, but some advances have been made. This includes the World Bank’s commitment to ensure respect for CLS through its private sector lending arm. Yet to be seen is whether these policy shifts will lead to greater respect for labor standards or whether the continuation of market-oriented reforms will further undermine labor’s collective power, creating new challenges for future resistance.