The development of psychological‐mindedness: Children's understanding of defense mechanisms
The development of psychological‐mindedness: Children's understanding of defense mechanisms
复制标题
心理意识的发展：儿童对防御机制的理解
DOI：
10.1080/15374418109533028
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发表时间：
1981
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Beth M. McGuire
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Dollinger;Beth M. McGuire
这项研究提出的抽象问题包括：“儿童对防御机制的理解有多好，以及他们如何评价其他儿童的防御机制？”；“防御理解与防御性认知之间有何关系？”；以及“以自我为中心的儿童在理解防御方面有更大的困难吗？”为了回答这些问题，研究人员向样本儿童展示了7个故事，说明他们在“假装”中的防御机制。孩子们被要求解释每个故事角色的行为，并评估防御角色的善良、聪明、快乐和讨人喜欢。年龄趋势反映了随着年龄的增长对防御的理解不断增加。理解防御能力较强的孩子不那么以自我为中心。外化防御(投射、移位)被认为是非常不利的，而内化防御(自责)则被更积极地看待。令人惊讶的是，防御性理解与儿童对防御性同伴的评价成反比。
Abstract Questions addressed by this study included: “how well do children understand and how do they evaluate defense mechanisms in other children?”; “how does defense understanding relate to perceptions of defensiveness?”; and “do egocentric children have greater difficulty understanding defenses?”; To answer such questions, a sample of children were presented with seven stories illustrating defense mechanisms in “make‐believe”; peers. Children were asked to explain each story character's behavior and evaluate defensive characters for goodness, smartness, happiness, and likableness. Age trends reflected increasing defense understanding with age. Children who better rnderstood defenses were less egocentric. Externalizing defenses (projection, displacement) were perceived in highly unfavorable terms while an internalizing defense (self‐blame) was viewed more positively. Surprisingly, defense understanding related inversely to the favorability of children's evaluations of the defensive peer.